m 






LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

®i^}ti:i:La(lnp5ri3]^ "^a 

Shelf.li.5:.B^ 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



UN 29ltM 



RICHFIELD SPRINGS 

iLLUsfi^ATED 



istorical ajid Descriptive 



Dr. W. T, BAILEY. 



C"^^^^ 




RICHFIELD SPRINGS, N. Y.: 

MERCURY OFFICE, F. E. MUNGOR, Proprietor. 
1886. 



COPYRIGHT BY 

F. E. MUNGOR, 
1886. 



r sji-^ 






^ 



TO THE 

BENIGN GODDESS "HYGEIA," 

WHO DWELLS AMID THE 

EVER FLOWING WATERS OF RICHFIELD, 

THIS VOLt'ME IS 

RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED. 



PREFACE. 



This little volume is designed as a guide to those who 
visit Richtield Springs, either as a sanitary or pleasure 
resort. 

We have presented a general view of the place and its 
environments, with its ample facilities for the accommo- 
dation of summer guests, with elaborate articles from the 
pens of resident physicians, whcse long experience and 
familiarity with the medical properties and uses of these 
justly renowned mineral waters have abimdantly quali- 
fied them to impart valuable instruction to others. 

To the tourist and pleasure -seeker also, we have en- 
deavored to present a correct view of the boundless j)leas- 
ures and delightful recreations to be found here in this 
inspiring region of beautiful lakes, mountains, and pic- 
turesque rural vales. 



INDEX. 



Analysis of Waters, 17, 59 

Agricultural Society, 101 

Bathing Houses, 55 

Bank, 99 

Gary Cottage, 61 

Canadarago House, 63 

Canadarago Lake, 65 

Cruger Mansion, 70 

Cherry Valley 71 

Clinton's Expedition, 78 

Cooperstown, 80 

Cooper, J. Fenimore, 80 

Cooperstown and Richfield, 85 

Circulating Library 100 

Dedication, 3 

Davenport House, 60 

Derthick House, 60 

Darrow House, 62 

DeLong Cottage, 64 

Diversions, 97 

Episcopal Church, 93 

Express, 104 

Five Mile Point 77 

History, 11 

Hotel Brunswick, 62 

Ingleside, 63 

Johnson House, 61 

Mineral Waters, hy W T. B., 15 

by N. Getman, M. D 23 

by W. B. Crain, M. D,, *. 29 

Mercury, 104 

Manley Cottage, 64 

Masonic Lodge 102 

Methodist Episcopal Church 95 

New American, 57 

National Hotel, 62 

Observatory, 71 

Otsego Lake, 75 

Preface 5 

Park House 62 

Poi>ular Drives, 69 

Presbyterian Church, 91 



Richfield Hotel, 


63 


Richfield Springs Seminary 

Roman Catholic Church,. . ... 


87 

95 


Railroad, 


100 


Spring House 


50 


Sunken Island, 


66 




64 


Tuller House,. . .. 


61 


Tunnicliff Cottage 


63 


Tunnicliff House, 

Three Mile Point, . . 


64 

77 


Telegraph, 


102 




104 


Universalist Church, 


92 


Van Hornesville Falls, 


74 


Village 


99 


Woodslde Park 


73 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 

"Comme 11 faut", 28 

Cruger Mansion, 66 

Davenport House, 60 

Darrow House 63 



Frontispiece 

Five Mile Point on Otsego Lake, 77 

G-oddess Hygeia, Cover 

Lake View, Canadarago Lake, 10 

Moonlight on Canadarago Lake, 65 

Map of Distances, 106 

New American, 57 

National Hotel 62 

Natty Bumppo, 85 

Observatory, 66 

Otsego Lake and Tally-ho, 85 

Richfield Springs Seminary, 87 

Spring House, 50 

Spring House Park, 52 

Van Hornesville Falls, 74 

White Sulphur Spring 15 



"\ icr)jiclc!i ^>^prir)qs. 

hJFhE primary object of hiimanitj^ is to secure the- 
yi^ greatest amount of pleasure consistant witli legiti- 
mate, persistant effort. Social customs, and popular 
conventionalities control tlie affluent, as they always 
have done, and personal enjoyment and physical comfort 
is the first desideratum. 

With the annual approach of the heated term in this 
latitude, the citizens of large cities, especially those on the 
Atlantic coast, look away to the country, to the salubrious 
mountain retreats, and lovely rural valleys, for a tempo- 
rary home in which to pass the sultry months of June, 
July and August. 

And this is not alone regarded as a pleasure, but an ab- 
solute sanitary necessity, an expedient safeguard against 
the impure, vitiated, and oppressive atmosphere of large 
towns, and consequent summer diseases. 

In many places throughout the country, nature has been: 



^ EICHFIELD SPRINGS 

extremely lavish iu its provision for the pleasure and rec- 
reation of the healthful, as well as for the alleviation 
and cure of the physically afflicted. 

The state of New York abounds in a great variety of 
mountain and lake scenery, which present unlimited at- 
tractions to the habitues of our great commercial cities. 

The wild and picturesque scenerj^ of the St. Lawrence, 
with its numerous Islands, the deep gorge and mysterious 
rocky glens of Trenton and Watkins, the rugged moun- 
tains and secluded lakes and streams of the Adirondacks, 
and the sublime and impressive scenery of the historic 
Hudson, all possess undisputed charms for the pleasure 
seeker and tourist, who simply wish to pass the season in 
a round of changing scenes. But a large class of invalids 
and aged persons seek localities that are known to possess 
not only beautiful and attractive rural scenery, and an 
elevated, pure and invigorating atmosphere, but also that 
far more important and vital compound, known as ' 'Min- 
eral Waters.'" 

The enterprising village of Richfield Springs is one of 
the most fashionable and popular summer resorts. It 
possesses, doubtless, the strongest Sulphur Springs in the 
United States, and their well-known efficacy in the treat- 
ment of many forms of disease, fills the place with visitors 
during the summer months of every returning season. 



ILLUSTRATED. 



10 



Richfield also possesses many other elements of a popu- 
lar summer resort, — isolation from large towns, a high el- 
evation (seventeen hundred feet above the sea) consequent- 
ly the purest and most delicious air and water, and all the 




LAKE VIEW, CANADAKAGO LAKE. 

bea uty of wild mountain and lake scenery which is so de- 
lightful and congenial to that large class who have been so 
long confined to the circumscribed limits of metropolitan 
life. 



11 RICHFIELD SPRINGS 



HISTORY, 



M^HE first white settlemeut in Otsego County was made- 
'ffi at Cherry Valley, in 1740, by John Lindesay, a 
^v Scotchman, who suffered great privation during the 
first winter months by the scarcity of food, and 
was saved from starvation by a friendly Iroquois Indian. 

However, the settlement continued to receive accessions 
to its numbers until at the time of the Kevolutionary war, 
when it was a point of considerable importance and trade 
with the Indians. 

During the conflict of the colonies for national inde- 
pendence. Cherry Valley was destroyed by the tories and 
Mohawk Indians, under the chieftain Brant, when thirty- 
two of its inhabitants, mostly women and children, and 
sixteen Continental soldiers and officers were massacred, 
(By the liberality of the citizens of Cherry Valley, a suit- 
able monument was recently (1878) erected to the mem- 
ory of these early victims of Indian cruelty.) In 1791, 
William Timnicliff, from Derby, England, commenced 
the first settlement at Richfield Springs, fourteen miles 
west from Cherrj^ Valley, and erected mills on Ocquionis 



ILLUSTRATED. 12 

<jreek. Mr. Tuunicliff was doubtless the first discoverer 
-of these renowned sulphur waters. 

It is well known that the mineral springs of Richfield 
were used by the aboriginal tribes of the Mohawk valley, 
long before they were known to the white men, and that 
they employed them in the treatment of diseases with the 
«ame remarkable intuition which they have always dis- 
played in the discernment of the medical virtues of herbs, 
plants and trees, of their native forests. As to their 
knowledge of elementary chemistry and the true charac- 
ter of sulphureted hydrogen gas, bicarbonate of lime and 
chloride of sodium, we will not venture an opinion, but 
presume it was not quite equal to the professional savans 
of the present day. 

However this may have been, they certainly knew the 
■"medicine waters" were effectual in their application to 
many ills of their tribes. 

Of the Six Nations, the Oneidas esiDccially were at- 
tracted by the numerous lakes and streams, and game 
of the forests of this region, and passed their summers 
here many years after the whites had occupied the lands 
of this vicinity, Indian relics are still found on the 
shores of these lakes, and their burial places known, 
their skeletons being frequently unearthed. 

The village of Richfield Springs is pleasantly situated 



13 BICHFIELD SPEINGS 

sixty-five miles directly west of Albany, on the extreme 
northern border of Otsego Countj^ and near the head of 
Canadarago Lake. It is one of the most beautiful and 
picturesque villages of Central New York, with a popula- 
tion of eighteen hundred, which is more than doubled 
through the summer season. 

In the year 1820, Dr. Horace Manley, a graduate of 
Fairfield Medical College, settled at Richfield Springs and 
purchased an acre of land, embracing what is now the 
"White Sulphur Spring, on the Spring House grounds, 
for which he paid seventy -five dollars, and erected a 
dwelling house for his family. Realizing the value of 
the water, he j)roceeded at once to prepare the sjDring for 
public use. 

At this time the only place for the accommodation of 
visitors was the Richfield Hotel, where but few guests 
could be received. The price of board at this time was 
$1.25 per week. Directly over the spring stood a large 
pine tree, from beneath which the water issued profusely, 
covering the ground for some distance around, with a 
thick, white coating of tufaceous deposit. The tree and 
earth were removed to the depth of five feet when the 
water was found to flow from the deep crevice of a large 
flat rock. 

On this rock was found the body of a large tree, still 



ILLUSTRATED. 14: 

sound and perfect; also the antler of an elk, which was 
presented to Prof. Mitchell of Columbia College, New 
York. The doctor also found ripe red plums and fresh- 
looking green leaves that soon turned black and fell to 
pieces on exposure to the air. How long they had been 
there is a matter of conjecture, but doubtless hundreds of 
years, perhaps long before the founding of the Eoman 
Empire. 

The sulphur spring now began to attract public notice, 
but the duties of his profession requiring his entire atten- 
tion, the doctor sold the property to a Mr. Chase, and 
purchased land to the east of the spring, on the south side 
of Main street, where he continued to reside until 1880, 
when he died at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. 

The reputation of the Richfield sulphur waters gradu- 
ally extended, with an annual augmentation of visitors 
and constantly increasing accommodations, until the pres- 
ent day, and it now enjoys an enviable reputation, and 
the abundant fruits of a popular celebritj% and a full, 
complete fruition. 

The further history of Richfield Springs we propose to 
present in a review of its institutions, mineral waters, 
and many natural attractions, as seen by all who visit this 
popular and delightful summer resort. 



J.5 EICHPIELD SPBINGS 



RICMFIELD MINERAL WSTER, 

THEIR ANALYSIS, 

'AND APPLICATION TO DISEASES BY RESIDENT 

PHYSICIANS. 

INEKAL waters are known to have been in use as 
remedial agents among tlie ancient nations of tlie 
East. According to history the Greeks were fa- 
miliar with the medical properties of mineral wa- 
ters, and are supposed to have been the first to use them 
in the treatment of the same class of diseases for which 
.the}'- are used at the present day. 

The name of Hippocrates is associated vnth the use of 
medicinal waters in Greece. Pliny, the historian, speaks 
-of their use as remedial agents in ancient Italy. A great 
variety of mineral springs are known to abound in many 
of the United States and territories, but the State of New 
York ranks first in this respect. 

This state is indeed remarkable for its great variety of 
jnineral waters, and also metalic mineral deposits distrib- 
.^ted throughout nearly every portion of the state. 

Saratoga is particularly distinguished for its "saline" 




White Sulphub Spbing and Spking h 



ILLUSTKATED. 16 

-waters, which are too well known to require more than a 
passing notice, but in some sections of the lime-stone re- 
gions of the state, mineral springs are found of sulphur- 
ous character, especially, many of which have attained 
great notoriety for their medicinal properties. Sulphur 
and chalybeate are the most common, and are now re- 
garded of great value in the treatment of various diseases. 

Among the most distinguished sulphur springs in the 
State of New York are those of Kichiield, on the north- 
ern border of Otsego county. Eighteen distinct mineral 
springs are now known in this place and immediate vicin- 
ity, most of them containing sulphur, but varying to 
some extent in their constituent elements. Several of 
these springs have been analyzed, viz. : the Great White 
Sulphur Spring and Magnesia Spring, on the grounds 
of the Spring House, and the flowing spring of the New 
American, directly opposite, and are known to be the 
strongest sulj^hur waters on the American continent. 

A chalybeate spring was recently discovered on the 
west bank of Ocquionis creek, near the railroad crossing, 
which from chemical tests is known to be exceedingly rich 
in carbonate of iron, and is regarded as a valuable acces- 
sion to the mineral waters of the place. 

Following is an analysis of these waters by Dr. C. F. 
Chandler, Ph.D., of Columbia College, New York City. 



17 EICHFIELD SPRINGS 

i\l\fALTSis Of tHe o^iGiNAl^ spi^iNG.- 

Temperature 9° Centigrade=48° Fahrenheit. 

1.000 grammes = 1 quart= Jj^ gallon. 

Yields. Grammes. Grains. 

Sulphuretted Hydrogen (free) 0.0588 = 0.9072 = 2 16 cub.in. 

Sulphuretted Hydrogen (com) 0.0414 = 0.6388 

Carbonic Acid (free) 0.0483 = 0.7353 

Carbonic Acid (combined) 0.1501 = 2.3160 

Sulphate of Lime 1.0919 =16.8480 

Sulphate of Magnesia 0.5317 = 8.2041 

Sulphate of Soda 0.3612= 5.5733 

Bi-carbonate of Lime 0.3964= 6.1165 

Bi-carbonate of Magnesia 0.0974 = 1.5028 

Bi-carbonate of Protox.oflron.0.0038 = 0.0596 
Hydrosulphuretted Sodium 

and Calcium Sulphide. . . .0.1008 = 1.5553 

Chloride of Sodium 0.3521 = 5.4329 

Chloride of Potassium 0.1334 = 2.0574 

Silicic Acid 0.0219 = 0.3379 

Alumina 0.0017 = 0.0262 

3.0927 = 47.7204 
Solid constituents (by evap). .3.1071 = 47.9424 

The above analysis shows these waters to be the strong- 
est iu the country. Nearly one-half the amount of sul- 
phur contained in the water is combined with an alkaline^ 
and earthy base, which renders them eminently qualifiedl 
for bathing purposes. 



ILLUSTEATED. 



MEDICAL PROPERTIES OF THE 
WATER. 



^O inquiry can be more interesting to the medical 
profession than an investigation and accurate knowl- 
edge of the virtues and medicinal properties of the 
mineral waters of our state, in their application to 
the treatment of disease. 

This subject has already occupied the attention of phy- 
sicians, and been studied with varying degrees of interest 
and success, according to the estimation of its importance. 
Although this may have been temporarily delayed by the 
prevailing doctrines and the theories of disease, more par- 
ticularly of the determinate and specific power of certain 
remedies to control or arrest its progress, the experience 
of distingTiished men has steadily and with increasing au- 
thority, established a belief in the great importance of a 
knowledge of the nature and influence of these agencies, 
and justifies a confidence in the correctness of the obser- 
vations bj' which it has been established. It is now an 
admitted truth that many diseases are cured by natural 
process, and that the vahie of all remedies, and of all 



19 EICHFIELD SPEINCrS 

modes of treatmeut depend iipou their power to aid and 
promote such processes. Kational and physiological rem- 
edies alone can harmonize with and be founded upon the 
present advanced knowledge of the laws of life. We vdW 
not attempt to describe the various cachectic states of 
many who live in populous towns and cities with de- 
ranged and feeble action of the nervous system, digestive 
secretion and excretion, with consequent dyspepsia and 
congestion of internal organs, conditions which wdthout 
change in external circumstances, resist and gradually be- 
come unmanageable by ordinary medical treatment. 

The special character of these waters and also the cli- 
mate of this region has been much overlooked until with- 
in the last decade, and had far too little credit for their 
positive influence in the cure of the diseases so generally 
mitigated and cured here. It is a difficult matter to accu- 
rateh" estimate the relative value of the climate and min- 
eral waters of Eichfield. But the experience of our resi- 
dent physicians and distinguished members of the medic- 
al profession who have annually visited this place for 
many years, may be regarded as sufficient authority for 
my observations in this connection. 

The distinctive peculiarity of these waters, is their 
property of acting generally on the whole glandular sys- 
tem, exciting to increased and healthv action. To the 



ILLTTSTRATED. 20 

production of this result, tlieir mixed composition of sul- 
pMdes and chlorides especially adapts and renders tliem 
most efficacious. When in addition to their internal use 
they are used externally, and the skin excited to increased 
action, their conjoined external and internal use supplies 
a most decisive and effective mode of eliminative treat- 
ment, and a healthy supply of purely elaborated blood 
thus produced. The copious diaphoresis which the warm 
bath establishes, opens in itself a main channel for the 
immediate expulsion of properties injurious to health, 
made manifest by their peculiar odor. A similar effect, 
though perhaps in a less degree, may be effected by drink- 
ing the water, a common, indeed universal practice of all 
classes who annually resort to the Springs. The impres- 
sion produced by the warm bath is indeed powerful, 
arousing into action sluggish and torpid secretions. The 
languid circulation is thus purified of morbific matters, 
and thereby renewed vigor and healthful action are given 
to the absorbents, lymphatics, and secretory apparatus. 
a combined effect which no ordinary medicine is capable 
of accomplishing. The cailjonates of alkfilies present in 
these waters, as demonstrated by experiment and analysis, 
cannot be without their therapeutic effect upon the sys- 
tem. 

The large quantities of free carbcniic gas which the wa- 



21 RICHFIELD SPKINGS 

ter contains, and which continually rise in volumes at 
the fountains of these springs, has an invigorating effect. 
Maintaining a uniform temperature of forty-eight degrees 
throughout the entire year, the waters are eagerly sought 
as a beverage by the healthful as well as debilitated, dur- 
ing the sultry months of summer. 

In the treatment of chronic diseases and long continued 
derangement and debility, the climate and resources 
of Eichlield are considered invaluable. It is well known 
that in the treatment of chronic diseases, remedies char- 
acterized as strictly alterative remedies, are usually em- 
ployed. 

Experiment has abundantly demonstrated that these 
waters are strictly alterative remedies, varying, it is true, 
in their effect according to the peculiarities of subjects, 
and at the same time shielding the jDatient from the 
dangerous effect incident to the use of mercurial altera- 
tives. Regarded in this light, it will readily be seen how 
wide the range of their applicatit)n and uses, must be 
in the treatment of disease ; esi^ecially in cutaneous affec- 
tions, for which their high reputation is now established. 

As i-emedial agents mineral waters are very liable to 
abuse and in many cases are taken without advice or 
direction. According to my own observation there seems 
to be in many instances a spirit ■ »f rivalry between Indi- 



ILLUSTRATED. 22 

viduals as to who shall quaff the greatest amount of the 
water, without regard to the evil consequences that may 
posssibly ensue. With persons in health it is regarded as 
harmless, but "too much of a good thing is sometimes 
worse than none, " and no other medicines are taken in 
.this indiscreet way. It must be apparent to all that the 
use of Mineral Waters, for disease, should in all cases be 
accompanied with specific directions from a physician, 
whose knowledge and experience in their use has abund- 
antly qualified hun to give advice. Resident physicians of 
watering places are undoubtedly the most competent ones 
to consult in matters of this grave character. The obser- 
vation and practice of eminent members of the medical 
profession, have abundantly demonstrated that cuta- 
neous eruptions are intimately connected with dyspepsia, 
bilious derangements, gout, rheumatism, scrofula, etc. 
And the testunony of thousands prove that the above dis- 
eases have been successfully treated by the use of these 
waters. And that this reputation is thoroughly establish- 
ed in the public mind, and fully appreciated, is evidenced 
by the constantly increasing number of invalids who annu- 
ally visit these justly renowned and popular Springs. 



23 BICHPrELD SPRINGS 

RICHFIELD MINERAL WHTERS,. 

By N. Getman, M. D. 

*HE value of all mediciual agencies, may be estimated' 
according to their respective power in arresting th& 
progress of tlie ravages of disease. The use of miner- 
al waters as a specific for disease, dates back many cen- 
turies. The Greeks, who were, in the knowledge of medicine- 
far in advance of their predecessors, regarded medicated' 
waters as a boon from heaven, piously dedicating them tO' 
their god Hercules, because of their invigorating qualities. 
In Italy as well as in all the Eoman dominions, they were 
a very common remedy, and so great was the favor in 
which these fountains were held, ornamental edifices were 
erected over them, and placed under a tutiilary god. 
But beyond the general or special benefit experienced, un- 
assisted by the light which modern chemical analysis 
sheds, they knew nothing. Not so with the medical prac- 
titioner of to-day. So accurately are the various diseases 
defined, and their specifics understood, that relief may be 
realized in any and all cases not beyond the reach of ap- 
propriate remedies. Many years since, blood-letting and 
heavy drastic doses of medicine went out of use; and a 
more humane, successful practice adopted. 



ILLUSTRATED. 24r 

Tlae complex organization as seen in the almost infinite- 
ly delicate macliinery of the human body, is now the 
study of the best medical talent of the land. 

To this work, in this way, mineral waters hold a high 
place. The delicate commingling of healing and curative 
properties, the precise amount of each being well under- 
stood, renders them a mild, safe and efiicient remedy. 
And yet it has not been found either wise or safe to use 
them without the advice which physicians well versed in 
their application can give. 

In a practice of twenty-five years I have given much 
time and attention to the nature and application of the 
mineral waters of this place, in the treatment of the vari- 
ous diseases that afilict mankind. Their efficacy in chron- 
ic diseases has been most thoroughly and satisfactorily 
tested. In many cases my first work has been to remedy 
the mischief of a too hasty and unwise use of the waters. 
For all miist concede that even mild remedies, taken at 
improper times and in immoderate quantities into a sys- 
tem unprepared, may aggravate old diseases if they do 
not create new ones. 

These views being the result of the observations of the 
medical faculty generally, it follows that "experience" is 
the only safe guide in the application of these waters. 
While the physician can and does know the properties of 



25 EICHFIELD SPRINGS 

tlie mineral waters, nothing but a careful diagnosis of the 
special cases to be treated can enable him judiciously to 
administer them in these cases. 

Of ten persons afflicted with dyspepsia, no two may re- 
quire the same treatment, because of the hidden causes be- 
ing so diverse. Eecent cases of disease may and do find 
speedy relief. Others require more time, extending to 
one, two, or even three years before a complete cure can 
be effected. Some of these cases I shall refer to, illustra- 
ting the varied action and time of these waters as applied 
to the variety of persons and diseases loresented for treat- 
ment. But it "^ill not accord with the brevity of this trea- 
tise to multiply the recital of these cases. I shall there- 
fore content myself with a brief reference to a few of the 
many persons who have sought and found relief at these 
fountains of health and vigor. The sulphur spring waters 
of Eichfield present the greatest claim for valuable medical 
properties, and rank equally with any and all others iipon 
this continent, surpassing even the celebrated Harrow- 
gate Springs of England, and are especially valuable in 
the treatment of the following diseases, viz : rheumatism, 
neuralgia, psoriasis; cutaneous diseases, — acne, eczema, 
erysipelas, erythema, herpes, porrigo, tinea, or scald head, 
secondary syphilis, scrofula, constipation, and piles. 



ILLUSTKATED. 26 

KHEUMATISM. 

This painful disease is no respecter of jDersons. It as_ 
•sails alike the young, the middle aged, and the aged, ad- 
hering with the greater tenacity to the last named; but 
whether in a chronic or more recent form, yields readily 
to the judicious application of these waters. Induced by 
causes about as various and numerous as the patients af- 
fected, a correct understanding of each case becomes a ne- 
cessity in order that the full benefit of the waters may be 
received. The warm bath in connection with the internal 
use of these waters, has never yet failed to alleviate or 
cure when used in accordance with competent advice and 
reasonable perseverence. This point needs to be espec- 
ially impressed upon the patient. The apj)roaches of dis- 
ease in these chronic cases have been so insiduous that in 
many, a term of years have elapsed before their distinct 
development. The lesson of this fact should impress up- 
on the patient's mind the absolute necessity of time, in 
which nature can, under the assisting healing forces, work 
off her old and diseased parts, and assert herself in a new 
.and healthy form. 

A most marked case of speedy relief was enjoyed by a 
gentleman several years since, from England. Being en- 
tirely helpless he was carried by the sailors from the dock 
in Liverpool, on board the steamship, which in due time 



27 EICHFTELD SPRIKGS 

landed him in New York, where by simOar agencies lie 
was carried from tlie sliip to the vehicle, which placed 
him upon the train that landed him in Kichfield. The 
reader will readily understand that rheumatism had de- 
prived him of the power of locomotion. In less than 
four weeks from Liverpool he was walking about the vil- 
lage and taking his bathing unassisted except by his cane. 
This was undoubtedly an exceptional one, on any other- 
hypothesis than that his disease was of but recent origin. 

Mrs. S. came to Kichtield in June 1885, suffering with 
articular rhemnatism to such a degree that her limbs were 
powerless. At the end of the season she was entirely 
cured. 

Mrs. T. was a case of severe muscular rheumatism and 
had walked only by the assistance of a cane for many 
months. After a thorough use of the water, she discard- 
ed the use of the cane entirely, and walked as well as ever. 

Scores of recent cases of rheumatism, gout, and a great 
variety of cutaneous diseases could here be cited in proof 
of the efficacy of these celebrated waters when all other 
remedies had utterly failed to afford relief. And I would 
here remark that Richfield Springs should be provided 
with a large and commodious sanitarimn, with every fa- 
cility for the treatment of the afflicted throughout the en- 
tire year. 



ILLUSTRATED. "^6 

In these medicated waters, nature has provided abund- 
antly for the relief and cure of the suffering and the med- 
ical profession at large are aware of the fact, that mineral 
waters properly administered will in many cases, afford 
permanent relief when all ordinary remedies have failed. 




29 EICHFIELD SPRINGS 

RICHFIELD MINERSL WITERS. 

By Vs^. B. Grain, M. D. 

00; HE earnest pursuit of my profession for some years- 
nl' I in this vicinity has not only impelled me to some ac- 
^^ quaintance with the medicinal properties of the -wa- 
ters, but has also inspired me with sorpething like a 
local patriotism, and a high opinion of its mere locality 
for ' 'healthful and sanitary purposes. " In considering the 
merits of various watering j)laces, we are not to confine 
ourselves to the waters alone. If this were so, the waters 
of Baden Baden or Saratoga might as well be used at home. 
To represent the hygenic claims of this or that locality, 
by a bottle of their waters, would be like the man who, 
having a farm to sell, carried about in his pocket a box 
of the soil as a specimen. Eei^eated observation has con- 
vinced me that Kichfield and vicinity have some other 
sanitary claims by no means to be disregarded. I see 
them through their unusually clear and bracing atmos- 
phere. Also in their deep, rich and thoroughly whole- 
some soil, in the longevity bespoken bj^ their living, and 
written on the tombstones of their dead. The old bur- 



ILLUSTRATED. 30* 

ied centennarian of the Boston Tea Party, furnishes an ex- 
ample. 

It is also of some consequence in connection with health, 
that a watering place should be ample in its natural incen- 
tives and provisions for out door exercises, emplojinents 
and pleasures; and what locality can be more so than that 
of Richfield? The attractions of its rides, drives and ram- 
bles, its fishing, boating and pleasure parties, the beauty 
and magnificence of its surrounding scenery, are now al- 
most proverbial. The body is invigorated together with 
the soul. The blood tingles as the lungs imbibe the cool, 
dry air, and the eyes feast upon the sj^lendid prospects of 
nature. To this we may add that the place once so diffi- 
cult of access, is now easily reached by rail, with ample 
comforts on arrival. All that fine hotels or cosy lodgings 
can do for the "creature comforts" of the invalid are full 
and complete. It is a great mistake to suppose that min- 
eral waters, and what are now known as "watering places'*^ 
are at all modern in their celebrity. They were well 
known to the Greeks and Romans, and have been more or 
less so through all the ages since. Galen, Hippocrates, 
and many others of their time were well acquainted with 
the hygenic value and applied them systematically to the 
cure of diseases. 

In 1670 the mineral waters of France were first analyzed 



31 BICHTIEUD SPBINGS 

by a commission of tlie academy of sciences, and from 
that time to the present the use of such remedies has been 
steadUy increasing as well as the public confidence in their 
efficacy. The best known mineral waters are now pre- 
scribed by the medical faculty in certain cases, with as 
much confidence as any preparation of the apothecary. 
Mineral waters are generally divided into four varieties, 
viz : acidulous, chalybeate, saline and sulphurous ; to the 
latter of which mostly belong those of Eichfield. This 
was the variety patronized by the luxurious Romans, how- 
ever disagreeable their odors may prove to modern nos- 
trils. With all that chemical learning has done in the 
analysis of mineral waters, (and there is yet much undone) 
their real stamp of value is involved, simply in what ex- 
perience has decided as to their efficacy. 

If it be true that most of the mineral waters longest 
used and best known have never been thoroughly analyzed 
this is not true of the waters of Richfield, for several of 
the leading springs here have long since been subjected to 
a scientific analysis by several of the most distinguished 
chemists of the land, and their curative powers have 
proven very remarkable. 

With all that has been written in Europe and America 
on the subject of mineral waters, it is perhaps, not very 
surprising that nothing has yet appeared doing any jus- 



ILLrSTEATED. 32 

tice to the waters of Eiclifield. The celebrity tliey have 
earned in spite of this fact, is the best proof of their real 
worth. But the time is certainly come when something 
should be written of which the little I shall say is a mere 
prelude. There should be an extensive work, embodying 
a guide to the use of these waters and enabling those who 
employ them to do it intelligently. It is not my design 
to prescribe rules for their use in obscure and intricate 
cases as anyone familiar with the various forms of disease 
would at once recognize the impracticability ; but general 
rules may with propriety be stated. 

I am indebted to Drs. Bell, Moorman, Armstrong and 
others, for many valuable ideas, and have freely consult- 
ed their works in the prejDaration of this article. As a 
rule no preparatory treatment is required before com- 
mencing the use of the waters. 

Plethoric subjects, with a naturally sluggish liver who 
suffer from undue determination of blood to the brain, 
may with advantage anticipate their use by a mild purga- 
tive ; but the necessity for powerful cathartics seldom ex- 
ists. Cold water may be most safely indulged in during 
the early part of the day, when the body is in its greatest 
vigor. Toward evening it is less able to resist strong im- 
pressions. Hence a full glass of water one hour before 
breakfast and a second glass thirty minutes later, may be 



33 RICHFIELD SPRINGS 

taken with impunity by the majority of persons, and per- 
haps wdth more impunity than at any other hour of th& 
day. A third glass may be taken one hour before dining, 
and a fourth before tea. Large draughts are hurtful, and 
it is unnecessary to gorge the stomach ^sith mineral waters 
in order to obtain their remedial effects. 

It must be admitted that there are those who take enor- 
mously large quantities for many consecutive days without 
apparent inconvenience or injury, and come to the Springs 
with the conviction that the sooner they can saturate 
their systems, the more rapidly will their ailments disap- 
I)ear. Not only is this theory untenable, but flooding the 
stomach with large and continued potations of water may 
not only produce serious derangement of the digestive or- 
gans, but engender such repugnance to the waters as to 
thwart the main object of coming to the Springs. Dr. 
Bell remarks that "water drunk to excess distends the- 
stomach, dilates to extreme tenuity the gastric juice, di- 
minishes the \atal energy of the gastric mucous mem- 
brane. Nausea, flatulence, oppression at the pit of the 
stomach, colics, diarrhoea, aqueous plethora of the vascu- 
lar system, weakness of the nervous centres, pallor and 
aversion to locomotion, maj' all follow in the train of ex- 
cessive potations of the water. Mineral waters are con- 
fessedly powerful stimulants to the glandular system and 



ILLUSTKATED. 34 

tlieir alterative effect cau in no waj^ be no surely obtained as 
b}^ taking moderate quantities at suitable hours. Inordi- 
nate draughts simply excite tlie kidneys and bowels to un- 
due action, and are consequently not retained in the sys- 
tem sufficientl}' long to produce their alterative inlluence. 
Like all remedies of equal potency, they should be taken 
guardedly at first, and the quantity increased as tolerence 
is manifest and the nature of the malady seems to demand. 
Too much caution cannot be observed by those who 
suffer from debility of the digestive organs, — especially fe- 
males whose nervous systems have been prostrated by 
chronic diseases, and who so constantly suffer from gas- 
tralgia and the kindred disorders of the digestion aparatus. 
Such patients however, may derive lasting benefit from 
the waters taken with moderation. The more serious the 
derangements of the digestive organs, the greater should 
be the caution in using them. The magnesia water is 
well adapted to cases of enfeebled digestion as experience 
has show^n; but even it should 1>e allowed to stand in an 
open vessel sufficiently long for the gas to escape before it 
is taken. Those who have a lymphatic constitution, who 
are feeble and infirm, and who suffer from a morbid sens- 
ibility of the mucous surfaces may with benefit anticipate 
their use by some mild and nourishing driidc, — a part of a 
cup of broma answering a very good purpose. 



35 EICHFIELD SPEIXGS 

Elderly persons suffering from chronic urinary diseases 
should never attempt the use of the waters until they have 
sought advice. Giddiness, and the unpleasant feeling of re- 
striction about the forehead sometimes experienced after 
taking the waters, may usually be prevented by drinking 
them two hours after instead of before meals. Mineral 
waters or cold drinks of any kind should never be indulged 
in just before or after taking food. The stomach is 
then occupied with the digestive process, and any inter- 
ruption is likely to be followed by not onlj^ temporary in- 
convenience, but permanent stomachic derangement. Up- 
on the nature and duration of the disease, and the suscepti- 
bilities of the system to remedial agents vnll depend the 
length of time it will be necessary to use the waters be- 
fore the desired effect is produced. For many constitu- 
tions a three weeks' course is sufficient, while others re- 
quire to take the water a period of six weeks or more be- 
fore experiencing a decided impression. Dr. Moorman in 
his valuable treatise on mineral waters, in speaking of the 
White Sulphur of Virginia, says: "In some cases, where 
the system is previously well prepared and the subsequent 
management judicious, the White Sulphur will produce its 
alterative operations in about two w^eeks; such cases how- 
ever, are rare, and it will generally be found that from 
three to six weeks, or even longer must elapse under its 



ILLUSTEATED. 36 

use before those profound changes are ^Tonght which pre- 
cede and insure a return to health. " These remarks, so 
far as they relate to time, are applicable to all mineral 
waters that remove disease by virtue of their alterative ac- 
tion. It is not unusual to hear x^ersons remark that they 
experienced no benefit from the waters while at the 
Springs, but felt themselves improved after returning to 
their homes. The same good would doubtless have been 
manifest had they remained at the resort sufhciently long 
to observe the sanative eilect. Similar experience attends 
the use of all alterative remedies; and if we based our 
ideas of the value of mineral waters upon their sensible 
effects alone, such as increased intestinal and renal action, 
we should often be discouraged in the very outset. Per- 
haps no marked change will be noticed in the action of 
any organ while using the waters, yet the quiet work of re- 
storing a healthy tone to the glandular system may com- 
mence when the first glass is taken. Should the power- 
ful diuretic and cathartic action so usually looked for not 
follow the use of the waters, the patient need not be dis- 
couraged. A change in the character of the secretions and 
excretions is oftentimes of vastly nn^re importance than a 
mere increase or diminuation of eith-r, and the work of 
restoring the economy to its norni.-il integrity will take 
place under the use of the waters, thi )ugh no increased ac- 



37 EICHFIELD SPEINGS 

tion of tlie kidnej's or bowels is observed. In hepatic de- 
rangements the Kichfield waters act with decided force; 
hence abdominal plethora, ascites, defective digestion, de- 
pression of sj^irits, etc., resulting from a torpid condition 
of the liver, are nsnall}' promptly relieved. Constipation 
resulting from deficient biliary secretion, or from atony 
of the muscular coat of the intestines is usually much ben- 
efited. In neuralgia, nervous debility, hysteria and chor- 
ea, the invigorating influence of these waters, aided by 
the bracing air of the neighborhood, is at once observa- 
ble. Nervous pains recurring in paroxysms and affecting 
different parts of the body, so commonly the result of a 
rheumatic or goutj^ diathesis, quickly disappear under the 
use of these waters. In chronic inflammation of the kid- 
neys, bladder and urethra, when not dependent upon se- 
rious structural disease, a course of baths combined with 
drinking the waters, has in very many cases proven most 
beneficial. By chemically altering the quahty of the 
blood, the urine is rendered less irritating to the urinary 
passages, and hence the waters in this way prove service- 
able in this class of diseases, besides acting powerfully as 
a diuretic. In chronic rheumatic and gouty affections, 
the Richfield waters have a well merited reputation. 

Dr. Fuller in his treatise on rheumatism says, of the 
use of mineral waters in this disease, ' 'that when every- 



ILLUSTRATED. 38 

■thing else fails they not unfreqnently afford extraordinary 
and permanent relief. Whatever the modus operandi of 
ihe waters, their free use both internally and externally 
exercises a beneficial influence which is in vain sought from 
medicine and bathing in other places. The effect pro- 
duced is at once sedative and tonic. The pain-worn suf- 
ferer, irritable and anxious, repairs to the springs, unable 
to sleep and troubled with dyspepsia, connected with a 
•sluggish condition of the skin, liver, kidneys and bowels; 
after ten days or a fortnight's trial of their virtues, he be- 
gins to find himself less irritable, less anxious and less 
wakeful; he sleeps more soundly and feels more refreshed 
by his sleep; his digestion improves — the whole system is 
invigorated, " Nor is this picture overdrawn. Sulphur- 
ous waters when systematically and intelligently used sel- 
dom fail to relax the rigidity of the muscular system, to 
reduce the enlargements and restore motion to diseased 
joints, and by establishing a healthy action of all the 
emunctories, eradicate the materies morbi from the circu- 
lating fluids which beget a rheumatic or gouty diathesis. 
Decided amelioration may be looked for even in confirmed 
gout. I have seen unsightly nodes, so often met with in 
this disease, materially lessened under a protracted use of 
these waters. They are not well adapted to the acute form 
of this disease. 



39 RICHFIELD SPRINGS 

In tlie treatment of dropsy we have in the Richfield 
waters a powerful adjuvant, amounting in many cases to 
almost a specific — acting with decided force upon the 
bowels, kidneys, and skin; when taken largely and with a 
view to promote an increased activity of these organs, 
many stubborn cases of Ascites and general anasarca have 
yielded under their use. 

Many of the skin affections so obstinate under the ordi- 
nary plans of treatment, are much benefited, if not en- 
tirely relieved, by a full course of the baths and waters. 
In chronic eczema, lepra, psoriasis and acne, great relief 
may be expected. Dr. Armstrong remarks that "almost 
all cutaneous affections will yield more rapidly to the con- 
tinued internal use of 'sulphurated hydrogen gas than to 
any of the means now commonly employed. " The late- 
Dr. Horace Manley, of this village, the first physician 
who systematically prescribed these waters, and who ob- 
served their effect for about fifty years, spoke enthusias- 
tically of their virtues in strumous diseases. Children 
suffering from indolent glandular tumors about the neck, 
from timiid abdomens, the result of scrofulous disease of 
the mesenteric glands, thrive wonderfully under the use of 
these waters. Their salutary operation has also been no- 
ticed in chronic catarrh and in some of the chronic hroii- 
cJiial affections. The theory is often advanced that sul- 



ILLUSTRATED. 40 

phnrous waters and the atmospliere in the vicinity of 
sulphur springs are antagonistic to a healthy condition of 
lung tissue. This really has no foundation in fact. 
Considering the severity of our climate during the winter 
months, it must be admitted that pulmonary diseases are 
comparatively rare in this immediate vicinity and sur- 
rounding coimtry. Dr. Manley, whose opinion is sup- 
ported by extended observation, remarked that "deaths 
from consumption are much less frequent in this locality 
now than they were forty years ago, " and that he could not 
recall a case of true tubercular disease that developed it- 
self in any subject born and reared within the corporate 
limits of the village! I don't wish to be understood as 
xecommendiug Kichfield Spa as a particularly favorable 
resort for persons suffering from consumption, but I do 
assert that consumptive patients are as exempt while here 
from the exciting causes of the disease, and from the in- 
fluences which tend to aggravate it when existing, as at any 
point of equal elevation. It too frequently happens that 
patients far advanced in consumption frequent resorts of 
this kind, either by the advice of physicians or friends. 
Their digestive powers being enfeebled by tubercular de- 
posit, perhaps in the stomach and bowels, their vitality 
being lowered by the exhausting discharges, discouraged 
in mind and disgusted with medicine, they select some 



41 KICHFIELD SPKINGS 

watering place as a last resort, and without competent ad. 
vice they deluge their stomachs with mineral waters, and 
then further seek to refresh themselves by a warm or liot 
bath. A few who pursue this course may escape any seri- 
ous aggravation of their symptoms, but the majority will 
add fuel to the fire that is slowly consuming them. I am 
confident much of the odium cast upon resorts like 
this arises from the unfortunate experiments of consump- 
tive patients. Those who have incurred a predisposition 
to tubercular development by a too protracted residence in 
malarious districts, whose vitality has been lessened by 
confinement, whose glandular system has become tor- 
pid, may derive untold benefit from a summer's sojourn 
at Eichfield. Dr. Armstrong, in speaking of the value of 
"Harrowgate" and "Dinsdale" waters (the virtues of which 
he admits depend in a great measure upon the sulphur- 
etted hydrogen gas which they contain), says: "A remedy 
so highly efiicacious in chronic inflammation in general, 
might seem at first sight well fitted for phthisis and simi- 
lar insidious affections ; and though my experience is very 
incomplete with respect to its powers in confirmed con- 
sumption, yet it has seemed to me exceedingly useful in 
several instances where phthisis was distinctly threatened. 
But this has been more especially observable where the 
pectoral symptoms were complicated with hepatic disor- 



ILLUSTKATED. 42 

der, as frequently occurs ; and indeed in the commence- 
ment of most fevers of the hectic type the sulphurous 
waters have afforded more relief than anything else. In 
a few solitary cases which bore the characters of genuine 
and confirmed phthisis, and in which pus was expectora- 
ted, a marked change for the better took place from the 
drinking of the Dinsdale waters ; and I recently saw two 
remarkable examples, which appeared to be cured by this 
mineral spring, though in both the disease was far ad- 
vanced when it was first tried. " In paralysis the waters 
are taken with various results ; when not dependent upon 
serious organic lesions, much benefit usually follows their 
use. Persons suffering from venereal poison and its se- 
queloR, iritis, rheumatism, and troublesome cutaneous af- 
fections, usually find in these waters a complete antidote. 
Several patients have taken them with success after a pro- 
tracted but fruitless sojourn at the Hot Springs of "Ar- 
kansas. " In intermittent fever their good effects are soon 
appreciable. Those cases resulting from a long residence 
in unhealthy sections, that have worn out the ordinary 
remedies, convalesce rapidly after coming to this climate. 
In chronic ophthalmia, occurring in scrofulous subjects, 
much benefit may be anticipated. 

In chronic enlargement of the spleen much relief is ex- 
perienced after a full course of the baths and waters. 



43 EICHFIELD SPRINGS 

Latterly, Richfield has become quite a favorite rendez- 
vous for persons suffering from '■'■hay asthma.'" Whether 
the disease depends upon some peculiar exhalation, or, as 
Dr. Blackley asserts, upon the existence of pollen grains 
of various grasses intimately mixed with common dust, I 
will not pretend to argue ; but experience abundantly es- 
tablishes the fact that persons accustomed to annual visi- 
tations of this disease in other localities, are here wholly 
exempt. Many cases might be mentioned who hold Rich- 
field in kind remembrance on account of the complete 
immunity it has afforded them from this most perjjlexing 
disease. 

The value of these waters as an "■aphrodisiac" has long 
been recognized, and they are now frequently prescribed 
in impotency with abundant success. 

It will be observed that to chronic diseases .the Rich- 
field waters are more particularly adapted. They are in- 
admissible in acute inflammatory troubles, on account of 
their decided stimulating properties. Patients suffering 
from undue determination of blood to any of the impor- 
tant organs should take the waters with the utmost cau- 
tion. Serious consequences may follow their use in or- 
ganic disease of the heart and blood-vessels ; also in pul- 
monary consumption when in its advanced stage. They 
are likewise contraindicted in gastro-intestinal inflamma- 



ILLUSTRATED. 44: 

tion ; in prostatic enlargement the waters do no good, and 
may, by flooding the bladder, do permanent injury. 
Should the bowels become constipated, the urine scanty, 
the tongue furred, the pulse rapid, under the use of the 
waters, it is better to discontinue them for a short time, 
and attempt to relieve the system by some mild aperient. 
With many persons the use of the waters gives rise to con- 
stij)ation in the commencement ; this may usually be over- 
come by judiciously and gradually increasing the quanti- 
ty ; if not, its action may be aided by a glass of Congress 
water or Rochelle powder in the morning or some mild 
pill after dining. It may generally be considered a favor- 
able indication when patients take the waters with pleas- 
ure. 

The warm sulphur baths are usually .employed in aid of 
the waters taken internally ; and besides accomplishing all 
that an ordinary warm bath does, they exert a particular- 
ly tonic influence. The temperature of the bath is im- 
portant and should be considered by all, especially inva- 
lids. A cool bath ranges from 60 ^ to 75 ° ; temi^erate 
bath, from 75 ^ to 85 ° ; a tepid bath, from 85 ® to 90 ° ; 
warm bath, from 92 ° to 98 ^ ; a hot bath from 98 ° to 
112° Fahrenheit. The warm sulphur baths are mostly in 
vogue here, though bran and medicated baths are often 
prescribed. No more grateful and appropriate remedy 



45 EICHTIELD SPEINGS 

can be prescribed for the fatigue incident to a long jour- 
ney, when the skin is barsh and dry, tbe pulse irritable, 
the secretions scanty, than a warm bath. By allaying the 
irritability of the nervous system, refreshing sleep is al- 
most always insured. The catalogue of diseases to which 
the baths are applicable is quite large, but I deem it suffi- 
cient to mention a few only, and those most frequenth' 
treated. It may be said that the bath is useful in most 
cases in which the water is admissible ; hence in chronic 
rheumatism and gout, in chronic affections of the liver 
and spleen. By relieving the congestion of the gastro-en- 
teric mucous membrane, they prove beneficial in chronic 
diarrhoea and dysentery; in the same manner long-stand- 
ing nephritic affections and diseases of the bladder are re- 
lieved. In many of the functional diseases of the womb, 
such as painful and deficient menstruation, chronic en- 
gorgement of the uterus, and the various difficulties at- 
tending the final suppression. Abdominal neuralgia, gas- 
tralgia, and nephritic colic are also successfully treated by 
the warm bath. I have watched with the greatest satisfac- 
tion the effects of the baths and water in a vast nimiber of 
cases of sciatica. I cannot recall one that was not benefited 
but very many that were entirely cured. No one who 
has observed the effect of mineral waters when used for 
bathing j)urposes, will doubt but that at a certain temper- 



ILLUSTRATED. 46 

ature they are tak3n up by the absorbents into the gener- 
al circulation, and in this way exercise to some extent a 
remedial influence. Not only are the absorbing but the ex- 
haling function? of the skin increas3d by the warm bath, 
and henco their special celebrity in most diseases of this 
organ. Acting as a detergent, the skin is thoroughly 
cleaned of its impurities, which might otherwise be re- 
absorbed, its texture is softened, and its natural functions 
fully restored. In diseases of this class the bran and 
medicated baths are often used with benefit. 

The "hot bath" is a decidedly active agent, and should 
never be indulged in except whan particularly advised. 
It is, in fact, a powerful stimulant, and instead of tran- 
quilizing the circulation, etc., lika the warm bath, it ex- 
cites the heart to undue action; under iti inliuence the 
skin becomes red, the pulse raj^id, the respirations hur- 
ried, and the mind obtuse. After a time, profuse perspir- 
ation sets in, which is usually followed by decided languor 
and debility. Before breakfast is probably the most suit- 
able time for bathing. But guests usually find it more 
convenient to bathe between the hours of 10 a. m., and 1 
p. M. A hot or warm bath should never be taken while 
the stomach is occupied with the process of digestion; and 
a short time should always elapse after the bath, before 
taking food, in order that the mucous lining of the stom- 



47 BICHFIELD SPRINGS 

ach may recover from the excitemeut incident to the bath. 
No good objection can he urged to the use of the bath im- 
mediately before retiring at night, especially when pa- 
tients seek, in addition to the other good effects, the boon 
of refreshing sleep. 

The duration of the bath will depend much upon the 
susceptibilities of the patient and the nature of the disease. 
As a rule it should not exceed fifteen or twenty minutes; 
but in some obstinate troubles the immersion may be con- 
tinued for an hour or more (in a warm bath) with entire 
safety, and perhaps with better prospect of relief. 

Should symptoms of vertigo and confusion of thought 
supervene upon the use of the baths, they may usually be 
relieved by the application of a towel saturated in cold 
water to the forehead. It is perhaps well for the inex- 
perienced to use this as a preventive during the bath. 

After coming from the bath, every patient should retire 
and remain comfortahly covered in bed for an hour, at 
least, in order that the equilibrium of the circulation 
may be restored before the body is again exposed to at- 
mospheric changes. 

The matter of dress should be considered by all who de- 
sire to reap the full benefits of the baths and waters, and 
who expect to render comfortable their stay at Kichfield. 

The average temperature during the months of July and 



ILLUSTEATED. 48 

August does not vary much from eiglity-five degrees dur- 
ing the day ; but after sunset the thermometer often falls 
rapidly to sixty, and continues to indicate this low tem- 
perature during the entire night. While this is eminent- 
ly conducive to sleep, persons not accustomed to such sud- 
den transitions are very likely to suffer serious inconven- 
ience from them. A suit that is adapted to the spring 
months in our northern climates should always be at 
hand; besides, a firm overcoat or shawl will often be 
found a most comfortable companion. Delicate persons, 
who are particularly susceptible to colds, who suffer from 
neuralgia or rheumatism, should always wear woven silk 
or soft flannel wraps. 

Kegimen. — The less the stomach is harrassed by indi- 
gestible and unwholesome food, the more readily will the 
waters be assimilated. It would be a very difficult matter 
to suggest the particular kind or quantity of food that 
should be taken by the diffei^ent persons who come here 
from year to year, and a still more difficult matter to in- 
sist upon your suggestions being carried out. Inasmuch 
as the waters tend to stimulate the appetite, it is well for 
all to be guarded as to the quantity as well as the tjuality 
of food they take, selecting from the variety presented 
them, that which is light and nourishing, and best adapt- 
ed to their powers of digestion and assimilation. As a rule 



49 EICHFIELD SPRINGS 

the same good judgmeut that protects them from indis- 
cretions in diet while using the more familiar "remedies, 
will serve them during the use of mineral waters. 

The old and infirm to whom tcine has become a neces- 
sary of life, are not required to abstain from it while tak- 
,ing the waters. Those who are sufficently strong to fore- 
go its use, especially rheumatic and gouty subjects, who 
can so often trace their sufferings to too free indulgence, 
would do well to abandon all stimulants. 



IliLUSTRATED. 50 

THE SPRING HOUSE. 

M 

^ hN the year 1823, Samuel Chase, of Cooperstown, in 

^ L company with Mr. Theodore Page, erected a hotel 

■fe)^ on the corner of Main and Church streets, that is 

now known as the Spring House. The original 

structure was forty feet long, thirty feet wide, and two 

■stories in height. 

This house was occupied by Mr. Page, and the two gen- 
tlemen co-operated in entertaining summer visitors three 
years, when Mr. Page disposed of his share of the proper- 
ty to Mr. Chase, who immediately leased the house to C. 
M. Paul for the term of five years, at $500 per year. 
During the five years, Mr. Chase was elected a member of 
Congress from this county, and was in office during two 
terms. 

Mr. Chase died in 1835, and the house was conducted 
by his widow for four years, when she sold the property 
to General Whitney, who presented it to his son, Joshua 
Whitney, now of Binghamton, N. Y. 

He commenced the proprietorship of the Spring House 
under the most favorable auspices, possessing the adventi- 
tious aids of fortune, and other invincible prestiges. Be- 



51 EICHTIEIiD SPRINGS 

ing a gentleman of culture and refinement, lie was 
well calculated to cater to the wants of tlie numerous 
guests who annually visited his house which was soon 
found too limited to receive the constantly increasing 
numbers that applied for accommodations. The building 
was now put under thorough repairs and its limits extend- 
ed. After he had enlarged, or made additions to it at va- 
rious intervals, it would accommodate about sixty guests. 
He also erected a small bathing house for the use of inva- 
lids, that proved a lucrative investment. Successfully 
conducting this house for twentj^ years, he sold the entire 
property to Messrs. Van Home and Backus. These gen- 
tlemen immediately made extensive additions to the 
house and also erected two large bathing houses, 24 by 80 
feet respectively. After conducting the property two 
years, it was sold to Bryan and Eansom. They m.* de 
extensive additions to the hotel and continued its propri- 
etors until 1872, when Mr. Ransom died. In 1875, Mr. 
T. E,. Proctor, proprietor of Baggs Hotel, Utica, pur- 
chased the entire Spring House property, and has greatly 
enlarged the grounds and added extensively to its accom- 
modations and appointments, until at the present time it 
is among the most popular and well conducted summer 
hotels of the State. 
It is beautifully embowered in foliage, and an elysian 



ILLUSTBATED. 



52 



park of several acres, which almost environs it, is thickly 
set with shrubs and forest trees. Beautiful mounds of ex- 
otic flowers abound on every side, and inviting walks lead 
to the mineral fountains. In these secluded walks in the 
deep shadows of eventide, the listening moon and stars 




SPRING HOUSE PARK. iib— _ - __ ^ 

above, and the whispering summer zephers below, alone 
can tell what tender sentiments have been expressed, what 
love troths plighted within the friendly arms of these rus- 
tic seats and attractive arbors. Life is surely not all an 



53 KICHFIELD SPRrNGS 

illusion, but under tlie benignant smiles of fortune, and 
congenial social ties, this world becomes almost a para- 
dise, especially in places like this, where the ext >rnal 
evinces only life's brightest and most inspiring phases. 
For several seasons past, Main street of Eichfield, and 
the extensive grounds of the Spring House have been 
brilliantly illuminated by the Remington Electric Light. 
Nothing can be more fascinating at night, than this syl- 
van park with its wierd objects and fluttering shadows, 
beneath ^yhich may be seen restless moving masses of hu- 
manity, of all ages, passing to and fro. This beautiful 
grove, when filled with the intense glare of electric light 
and the subdued notes of distant music, becomes more en- 
rapturing than the fairy groves of Daphne, or the Gieoian 
fields and classic shades of Academus. Suitable portions 
of the park are dedicated to croquet, archery, lawn-tennis 
and other out door games. 

A broad covered piazza extending above the second story 
affords pleasant shelter, and permits the enjoyment of 
the pure, fresh mountain air by day or by night. The in- 
ternal appointments of the Spring House are fully 
abreast of the demands of the times. By recent improve- 
ments it will accommodate six hundred guests, and it is 
adapted to satisfy those who are accustomed to luxurious- 
homes. The sleeping apartments are larg?. and comforta- 



rLLUSTEATED. 54 

bly furuislied, having high ceilins^s and perfect ventila- 
tion. The great dining hall is delightfully cool in sum- 
mer, and the ample parlors and ball rooms, all of which 
open on the piazza, afford full scope to the elegant 
throngs that nightly gather there. Electric call bells are 
distributed throughout the hotel, put in by the Western 
Electric Manufacturing Co., of New York. Also a hy- 
draulic elevator by Otis Bros., New York, was introduced 
in the season of 1880, supplying a want long felt at Pdeh- 
field, and makes the Spring House as convenient as the 
best city hotels. 

The cuisine of the house is too well known to require 
attention here, and will continue to maintain its high 
standard of excellence. On the northern border of the 
park is a recently constructed skating rink, or Casino, and 
is one of the most popular attractions. 

Arrangements are annually made for a series of music- 
al entertainments by some of the most celebrated artists 
of the country, and the names of many distinguished 
persons might here be mentioned. 

Prof. Louis Lombard's Philharmonic orchestra is an- 
nually employed by the proprietors of the Spring House 
and New American, and forms one of the chief attractions 
of each returning season. 



55 BICHFIELD SPEINGS 



THE BITHING HOUSES. 

('ic ^^ large and commodious bathing houses are located 
\^lj at the rear of the 'Spring House, which are supplied 
from a large reservoir by the affluent waters of the 
White Sulphur Spring, In consequence of the con- 
stantly increasing demand for baths during each recurring 
season, this reservoir has recently been greatly enlarged, 
until its present capacity is regarded as adequate to the re- 
quirements of the public. In December 1885, Mr. Proc- 
tor opened an artesian well near the bath houses. At a 
depth of 102 feet he struck an immense vein of very 
strong sulphur water, which flows wdth great force, dis- 
charging 17,000 gallons per day. This water will be con- 
ducted into the great reservoir, and will more than supply 
the public demand for many years to come. 

The earth under the entire village of Richfield Springs 
is permeated by numberless veins of the strongest sul- 
phur water. For bathing purposes, the water is heated 
by steam under the agency of Prof. Moshier, who has for 
manj^ years had charge of this specialty. Upon entering 
the bath house, the patient is conducted to one of the 
many small rooms, where the bather can graduate the 



ILLUSTRATED. 56 

temperature of the water according to the directions of 
the attending physician. 

The time to remain in the bath being understood, a bell 
rings every five minutes by an ingenious electrical device, 
attached to a clock, the invention of H. E. Walter, the 
■electrician and inventor of the popular hotel enunciator, 
bearing his name. All articles of jewelry should be re- 
moved from the person before entering the bath-room, 
as the strong vapor arising from the hot sulphur water, 
will at once oxydize the purest metals ; and we would also 
state that metallic cosmetics should be avoided several 
days previous to taking the baths, for obvious reasons. 
Manipulators are employed for all cases requiring such 
ireatment; and warm wrappings should be freely used 
immediatelv on leaving the bath rooms. 



57 RICHFIELD SPRINGS 



THE NE¥ SMERICSN. 

^p HIS well known and popular summer hotel was first 
^K erected in 1830, by Mr. C. M. Paul, who kept it as a 
'jGx public house and for the entertainment of summer 
visitors, until 1839, when the hotel and lands ad- 
joining were purchased by Gan. W. P. Johnson, of Oaks- 
Yille. In the month of December 1850, this hotel was en- 
tirely destroyed by fire. The following year the present 
structure was built and subsequently enlarged until it 
would accommodate four hundred guests. In 1865 a co- 
pious sulphur spring was discovered in the basement of 
this hotel, which upon analysis was found to be identical 
with its older compeer of the Spring House, directly op- 
posite. 

In 1871 Mr. Johnson died, and the house was siiccess- 
fully conducted for several years by Messrs. Gary, Tunni- 
cliff & Blake, heirs of Mr. Johnson. 

In 1878 Allen Bloomfield and Peter Seeber purchased 
the American, and conducted it until 1881, when they 
sold it to Mr. Uriah Welch, proprietor of the St. Nich- 
olas Hotel, Broadway, New York City. 

Mr. Welch immediately took possession and enlarged 




ii r«i" mill's' '^ 




ILLUSTRATED. 58- 

and refurnished the house throughout, until its capacity 
is now equal to the Spring House. 

Electric call bells commauicate directly from every 
room to the office annunciator, which is the work of H. 
E. Walter, the electrician of the Taylor Electric Manu- 
facturing company, of New Britain, Conn. 

All the appointments of a first class hotel can here be 
found, and its spacious, shaded piazza of two hundred 
feet in length, is a great attraction. 

This highly commodious house, now known as the New 
American, is delightfully situated on the south side of 
Main street, directly opposite the Great Sulphur and 
Magnesia springs, and the beautiful ptark of the Spring 
House. 

In the autumn of 1883, an artesian well was opened in 
the court yard of the New American, and at the depth of 
one hundred and six feet, a flo^ving spring of the purest 
sulphur water found, which has continued to flow with 
unabated force. 

This very valuable spring has greatly enhanced the val- 
ue of the New American, by contributing in no small de- 
gree to its absolute independence. Following is the analy- 
sis of the spring : 



59 KICHFIELD SPRINGS 

i^rjalvsis o| tr)c Klowir)q ©prir)q etf fj^e r7ew 
(s/irr)epic(2rr). 
TemperatiU'e 50- Falirenlieit. • 

One United /States gallon o/23l cubic inches contains: 

Grains. 

Hydrosulphuric Acid (free) 3.276 

Sulphuric Acid in Sulphates : 

Calcium Sulphate, Magnesiura Sulphate, So- 
dium Sulphate and Potassium Sulphate.. 76.987 
Sulphur in Sulphides : 

Calcium Sulphide, &c 4.366 

Sulphur in Hyposulphites. 

Calcium Hyposulphite, &c 2.576 

Chlorine in Chlorides : 

Sodium Chloride and Potassium Chloride 1.372 

Carbonic Acid in Carbonates : 

Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Carbonate 9.264 

Lime 39.381 

Magnesia 13.763 

Soda 12.730 

Potassa 8.222 

Silica 911 

Alumina.... .104 

Iron Oxide 218 

Lithium 921 

Total Solids 170.815 

Mr. Welch is also proprietor of the Mitchell House, 
Thomasville, Georgia. This winter hotel is a new brick 
structure, located on the highest point in the city, in the 
midst of a beautiful park. The Mitchell House was first 
opened to the pablic in Tanuiry 1886, and is a delightful 
winter resort. 



PHP 



N^ 



,^ 






^ /n^ 




^> 



t ^ k 



V ( -%: 




ILLITSTRATED. 60 



THE DMENPORT HOUSE, 

£/^ HIS laighly popular and well known summer hotel is 



Tkj situated directly to tlie east of and adjacent to the 
New American, opposite the springs and park. A 
broad veranda, shade J by lofty elms and maples, 
extends the entire length of the house (150 feet). Elec- 
tric bells communicate directly with the office. T his long 
established and well known hiusshas accommodations for 
about two hundred guests. 

Hon. J. S. Davenpoet, Proprieter. 

DERTHICK HOUSE. 

This fine structure was erected in 1872, by John Der- 
thick, from whom it takes its name, and opened to the 
public as a summer hotel the following year. In 1875 the 
house was purchased by Prof. A. K. Goodier, of Win- 
field, and has been under his proprietorship to the 
present time. Accommodates one hundred guests. 

During the autumn, winter and spring of each succeed- 
ing year, this elegant building has been opened as a 
school, known as the Richfield Springs Seminary (which 



^Jl KICHFIELD SPKINGS 



THE TULLER HOUSE. 

JlHIS pleasant summer liome is agreeably situated to 
the east of tlie Davenport, and opposite tlie lawn 
tennis grounds of the park. It is delightfully em- 
bowered in foliage and very attractive in all its ap- 
pointments. His accammodations for one hundred 
gu3st3. The late Henry Taller was the first proprietor, 
f ro n whom the h^tsl tak3S its name. Present proprietor 
Niles D. Jewell. 

GARY COTTAGE. 
This cottage is losated on th3 north side of main street, 
and immediately adjacsnt to the Spring House park 
grounds. It is probably th3 oldest private summer board- 
ing house in town, having been open as such for nearly fif- 
ty years. Accommodates sixty guests. Edgar Gary, propri- 
etor. 

THE JOHNSON HOUSE, 
Corner of Main and Lake streets is open all the year, is 
a good public house, and well patronized. Has accom- 
modations for one hundred guests, and in addition to oth- 
er attractions has a fine restaurant. J. W. Bedell, pro 
prietor. 



ILLUSTrATED. gf 

THE D ARROW HOUSE 

Is very agre.-abl; situated on the east side of Like street, 
corner of James street, and open all the year. This is a 
very convenient and popular stopping place for the trav- 
eling public, and the proprietor is reaping the reward of 
constant personal attention to the wants of his numerous 
guests, both transient and summer visitors. Accommo- 
dates one hundred guests. W. E. Darrow, proprietor. 

NATIONAL HOTEL. 
- This well known house, on the north side of Main 
street, is also open all the year, and is well patronized by 
the traveling public. The popular proprietor is well cal- 
culated to cater to the needs of his patrons, and is abund- 
antly successful in this specialty. The house is beauti- 
fully embowered by lofty ornamental forest trees, which 
shade the spacious veranda across the entire front. Ac- 
commodates sixty guests. S. P. Barker, proprietor. 
THE PARK HOUSE 
Stands next to the New American on the west, facing 
the park and springs. This is a most delightful location, 
especially for invalids, as it is near the bathing houses 
and large springs. P. D. Fay, proprietor. 
THE HOTEL BRUNSWICK. 
Opposite the National is a new public hous^, r^^cently 
opened. F. C. Hunt, i)roprietor. 



63 BICHFIELD SPRINGS 

TUNNICLIFF COTTAGE 

This attractive summer boarding house is centrally lo- 
cated on the south side of Main street, with accommoda- 
tions for sixty-five guests. Has gradually grown in pub- 
lic favor until its annual applications exceed its capacity. 
During the past winter it has been enlarged and other- 
wise improved, until now it far transcends its former at- 
tractiveness. Miss C. Tunnicliff and Mrs. J. F. Getman, 
proj)rietors. 

INGLESIDE. 

This private boarding house is situated on the corner of 
Church and Warren streets, in the northern part of the 
village. Is a new and neatly furnished cottage, and a de- 
lightful summer home. C. . E. Easton, proprietor. 

THE RICHFIELD HOTEL. 

In the western part of the village is a venerable land 
mark, and as previously noticed kept the first summer 
boarders, seventy years ago. The house is still open to the 
public. S. Keller, proprietor. 

THE CANADARAGO HOUSE 

This hotel is situated opposite the Spring House and 
park. Is very commodious in all its appointments and 
has a capacity of one hundred. F. Stanton, proprietor. 




TIIK DAllllOW HOUSE. 



IliLUSTEATED. 64' 

THE SCHUYLEE HOUSE, 

Opposite the railroad depot, is comparatively a new ho- 
tel, and pleasantly located. F. Feldmau, proprietor. 

Among the private boarding houses we may mention 
the Manley House, Main street, D. S. Manley, proprietor; 
the Delong Cottage, Church street, H. M. Belong, propri- 
etor; the Tunnicliff House, Lake street, E. Tunnicliff, 
proprietor; the Derthick Cottage, beautifully situated on 
the west hill, overlooking the village; J. M. Derthick, 
proprietor. 

There are also a number of neatly furnished cottages in 
various parts of the village, that can be rented by city fam- 
ilies during the boarding season of each returning year, 
by applying to the editor of the Richfield Springs Mercury. 




65 RICHFIELD SPRINGS 



CaNflDflRUGO LAKE. 

HIS beautiful slieet of water lies about three-fourths 
of a mile direct south from Richfield Springs, is five 
^ miles in extreme length, and from one to one and a 
half in width. It is nearly surrounded by wood 
covered hills or mountain ranges, with intervening fields 
and highly cultivated farms. This romantic lake abounds 
in a great variety of excellent fish, that furnish abund- 
ant piscatorial sport for tho?t3 who visit this place dur- 
ing the summer months This lake forms the western 
branch of the Susquehanna river. A beautifully wooded 
island stands in the midst of the lak?, its dark, cooling 
shades having long been a favorite resort for pleasure 
parties. 

A corresponding island once stood a short distance to 
the west of this, but in the earlj'^ part of this century it 
suddenh' disappeared, by sinking far down beneath the 
surface. An Indian legend in relation to this island is 
pleasant!}" related in the following lines, b}^ "Ethel 
Lynn." 




Mo()Nr,iGHT ox Caxadarago lake. 



OBSEKVATOllY, 



ILLUSTTRA'PBD. 

THE SUNKEN ISLAND. 

O'er Canadarago the shadows creep, 
Dreams of her sileut summer sleep ; 
Yon pictured hill, a blue-veined lid, 
Curtains the brightness beneath it hid; 
The toying tress of the willow swings, 
And the tasseled birch her guerdon flings, 
Till the wave wakes up from its revery. 
And Indian like, laughs silently. 

Inshore the tall flags moveless stand, 
With lances straight like warder band. 
To guard the lily's jewelled cup, 
Whose golden wine the waves bear up. 
But guards in vain ; the robber bee 
Drinks and away, humming merrily; 
And the dragon-fly waves its wings of light 
Into the sun shine and out of sight. 

But just where the mountain shadows break 
Lies the sunken isle of the laughing lake. 
Where the soft, green rushes idly sway. 
And the flsher's boat is seen alway. 
As the angler peers through the limpid wave 
For a glimpse of the island's lonely grave. 
And dreams of the time when in air it stood, 
With its crown of flowers and belt of wood. 

For Canadarago a legend keeps. 

To be whispered low when the midnight creeps 

Moonless and still on the lonely shore. 



67 MCHTIELD SPEIKGS 

A tale of the Lost for evermore. 

Far back In the land of Long Ago. 

Stood an Island fair in the summer glow, 

Where ever alone a prophet dwelt, 

For whose healing touch the suffering knelt. 

Thither the Mohawk warrior came. 
With wound from poison-dart aflame ; 
And the Iroquois, with the war-won pain. 
Sought at his hand for health again. 
Savage of mien and dark of mood. 
As well as became his Indian blood ; 
Sullen and stern, none ever guessed 
The secrets locked in his dusky breast : 

Knew not how oft in the swift canoe 

The shivered waves from the paddles flew, 

As close by the dim, deep forest stayed. 

The prophet's foot in the darkness strayed. 

Till close by the bitter fountain's brink 

He stopped at last, yet not to drink ; 

But bore from thence the wondrous draught. 

The source and secret of his craft.' 

At last, the old legend saith. 

He claimed the power to conquer Death; 

And spoke in horrid blasphemy 

Of twinship with Divinty; 

Then the Great Spirits awful frown 

Sent isle and prophet hurling down; 



ILLUSTRATED. 

And wandering pilgrims to that shore 
Saw Isle and prophet never more 



The Sunken Island! — Ah, 'twere well 
If only legends wild could tell 
The tale. On Life's broad sea 
Such things as these there often be ; 
^Bright spots that often shine and gleam, 
Fair as a sinless angel's dream; 
And yet they sink— and all but we 
Go floating on X'ight merrily. 

So each alone his secrets keeps. 
Where his lost vision bides and sleeps; 
Sails bravely on and makes no moan. 
Over the fairy landscape gone; 
Yet glancing where the rushes grow, 
Bent by the breath of the Long Ago, 
He says no word, but dreams the while 
Of the unforgotten Sunken Isle. 



69 RICHFIELD SPRINGS 

POPULAR DRIVES. 

§EOUND CAN AD AR AGO LAKE.— One of tlie most 
delightful drives in this entire region, is around 
Canadarago Lake, a distance of twelve miles. Leav- 
ing the village and passing to the west shore, about 
one mile distant, the road gives a commanding view of 
the entire surface of the beautiful Canadarago; its broad 
surface, smooth as a mirror, reflecting the distant moun- 
tains, or rippling to the touch of the cool breezes that 
gently waft across its silvery bosom. Clear, running 
brooks water the fields that stretch far up the steep sides 
of the forest crowned hills, bordering the lake. A pleas- 
ant road leads through the little hamlet at the south end, 
thence to the base of the rugged range of mountains that 
skirt the valley on the east, crossing the stream leading 
from the lake at a point where occurred a bloody Indian 
battle in the early historj^ of the regiou. From Perkins' 
hill on the east side is seen the most charming view of the 
lake, with its wood covered island of seven acres, stand- 
ing boldly out of the water, while the outlines of the dis- 
tant hills seem to melt into the soft blue horizon. Sev- 
eral public houses are located on the shores of this lake,, 
and are favorite stopping places. 



ILLUSTEATED. 70 

The nearest Lake House is on the eastern shore, and 
only one mile distant from the Spring House, between 
which a line of omnibuses run regularly through the 
boarding season. The first lake house is kept by Mr. 
Steele, where a fleet of row and sail boats are always in 
readiness for public use ; also fishing tackle and every fa- 
cility for the sports of the angler. A beautifully shaded 
gravel walk leads from the hotel to the shore where rustic 
seats are prepared beneath the outstretched arms of gi- 
gantic willows. 

The second lake house is one mile beyond the first, and 
directly opposite Ward's island. Here also may be found 
a delightfully shaded gravel shore, and boats in great va- 
riety. A small pleasure steamboat, named after the pro- 
prietor of the Spring House, makes hourly trips (in this 
lake every day through the boarding season, and is well 
patronized by all classes. 

ckuCtEK mansion. 

The drive to Cruger Mansion, seven miles to the north, 
over a high and pleasant road, is very popular. This an- 
tique stone structure, known as the "Henderson Home," 
was erected in 1836, at an enormous expense for those 
times. It is stuated at an extremely' elevated point in the 
town of Warren, Herkimer county, overlooking the deep 
valley of the historic Mohawk. 'I he estate on which this 



71 KICHFIELD SPErS'GS 

mnnsion stands, was originally granted to Dr. Henderson, 
a surgeon in tlie royal army of Great Britain and consisted 
of 26,000 acres. 

Mrs. Harriet Cruger inherited a portion of the estate 
and built the mansion that bears her name. She was de- 
scended from the famous Douglass family of Scotland, 
and died May 5th, 1872, aged 79 years. 
THE OBSERVATOEY. 

There are several lofty mountain peaks in this vicinity 
from which extensive and beautiful views may be ob- 
tained. Of these "Otsego Mountain" until recently 
known as "Rum Hill," is doubtless one of the most 
charming for the guests of the Springs, being very access- 
ible from the highway leading from Aliens Lake to Coop- 
erstown. In the spring of 1885, an observatory sixty-five 
feet high, was constructed on this mountain for the pleas- 
ure of the public, and is a very popular point of resort. 
CHERRY VALLEY. 

Ascending the eminence to the east of Richfield Springs 
over which Main street leads, the tourist ^\ill find a most 
delightful drive along the high and substantial turnpike 
that leads through a rich farming district. 

Passing between the two little lakes, thence to the north 
of Otsego Lake, which can be seen a short distance to the 
south of Springfield, the historic grounds of Cherry Val- 



ILLUSTRATED. 72 

ley is soon readied, distant from the Springs about four- 
teen miles. 

Immediately after the close of the Kevolution, the indi- 
viduals and families that escaped from Cherry Valley, at 
the time of the Indian massacre in November, 1778, as 
X^reviously noticed, returned to their homes, and the place 
was soon rebuilt and occupied, and was for many years 
the princiiDal settlement in Otsego county, furnishing to 
the country some of its most distinguished men, among 
whom were John Wells, Esq., a distinguished lawyer 
in New York City; Hon. W. W. Campbell, author of 
"Annals of Tryon county;" Eev. Eliphalet Nott ; Jabez D. 
Hammond, Esq., author of "Political History of New 
York;" Hon. Levi Beardsley, author of "Reminiscences 
of Otsego;" Hon. Judge Seeley; Alvin Stewart, Esq.; 
James O. Morse, Esq. Also Dr. Joseph White and his 
two sons. Deles and Menzo White, who were three of the 
most distinguished surgeons of the country. 

The beautiful village of Cherry Valley is situated near 
the head waters of Cherry Valley creek, in the extreme 
northeastern part of Otsego county, and has a population 
of about fifteen hundred. This is the present terminus of 
the railroad from Cobleskill, on the Albany & Susquehan- 
na road, via. Sharon Springs to Cherry Valley. Efforts 
are now being made to continue this railroad west to 



78 KICHFIELD SPRINGS 

Richfield Springs. In a deep ravine near Cherry Valley, 
is a large sulphur spring from which the water flows pro- 
fusely. In the piiblic square of the village, stands a mar- 
ble monument of beautiful execution and proportions, 
and crowned by an eagle. Upon the four sides of this 
monument are inscribed the principal battles of the Re- 
bellion, viz: Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, sec- 
ond Bull Run, Cold Harbor, Winchester, Wilderness, 
and Petersburg, in which thirty-five of the brave sons of 
Cherry Valley "died that their country might live." 
WOODSIDE PARK. 

This park is pleasantly situated to the east of the village 
and commands a charming view of the place, also of Can- 
adarago Lake and valley, stretching far away to the south. 
It embraces seven acres of choice land, about one half of 
which is covered by a dense primitive forest of vig- 
orous trees. 

It has recently been improved by clearing away the un- 
derbrush, and opening foot paths in every direction. 
Rustic seats are placed at intervals, and a carriage road 
passes entirely through the grounds and forest. A two 
story rustic observatory has been constructed at the high- 
est point, which adds greatly to its attractions. This park 
was purchased in 1880, by Mr. William Smith Brown, of 
New York, and presented to Richfield Springs village, for 




?s-;.'-?L.^^_. 













VAX HORNESVILLK 
"WATF.KPWLL. 



ILLUSTRATED. 74 

the pleasure of summer visitors, but subject to the follow- 
ing regulations : 

I. No fire arms or guns of any kind will be allowed to be 
used. 

II. No fire works of any kind will be permitted. 

III. No bows and arrows can be used In the park. 

IV. No game of any kind will be allowed which may en- 
danger the safety of visitors, and this includes base ball and 
cricket. 

V. No picnics or public gatherings of any kind will be per- 
mitted. 

VI. The cutting of benches and trees is strictly forbidden. 

VII. All intoxicated persons are forbidden the use of the 
park. 

Trustees, N. Getman, T. R. Proctor, A. Bloomfield. 

VAN HOKNESVILLE CAVES AND WATERFALLS. 

Ten miles to the northeast of the Springs, and four 
miles directly north of Otsego Lake, are the above caves 
and waterfalls, which indeed possess surpassing beauty 
and wild charms. The rocky gorge through which a 
stream of water rushes impetuously, forms a succession of 
leaping cascades, bordered by primitive forest trees, and 
secluded caverns, that are beginning to attract the atten- 
tion of tourists, and all lovers of the picturesque and 
beautiful in nature. 

Near the above glen is Summit Lake, ^^hich occ pies a 



75 RICHFIELD SPKINGS 

position ou tlie dividing ridge between tlie valleys of the 
.Susqneliauna and Mohawk. It has two outlets, one form- 
ing a stream leading to Otsego Lake, the other on the 
north end running to the Mohawk river. 
OTSEGO LAKE. 
Six miles directly east from Kichfield Springs, over a 
delightfully pleasant highway, is the beautiful and historic 
Otsego Lake, stretching entirely across the deep valley, be- 
tween the lofty ranges of wood-covered mountains that 
bound it on the east and w^est, and extending from the 
"Sleeping Lion" on the north to the "Otsego Eock," near 
.the outlet on the south, a distance of about nine miles. 
"Not "Aftons sweet wat u-," nor "Elgin" nor "Ayr," 
Nor Burns' "Bonny Doon," can with thee compare; 
And Byron may sing in his praise of the "Rhine," 
There are classical beauties which only are thine ; 
And Cooper has made thee immortal we know, 
For we read of thy charms In the long, long ago; 
And we'll echo the song of thy praises again 
Till woodland and mountain, and valley and glen 
Shall join in the anthem, shall sjvell the refrain, 
While the winds bear it back to thy bosom again, 
To dash up the water in white caps, and roar 
Like sound of the sea on the wave beaten shore. 
This placid lake forms "the Susquehanna's utmost 
spring," and is not unworthy the appellation bestowed 
upon it by Cooper, — "Glimmerglass" — for the wonderful 



ILLUSTRATED. 76> 

transparency of its waters. This lake is noted for its re- 
nowned fisli, known as "Otsego bass," which are fonnd 
only in these waters. They are regarded by epicures 
as the most delicious fish known in either hemisphere. 
They resemble in general appearance, the white fish of 
Lake Ontario. 

The shores of Otsego Lake are classic. Every curve 
and rocky glen is hallowed by tender memories. Here' 
are located some of the most thrilling scenes in the 
"Leather-Stocking tales," Here glorious "Natty Bump- 
po, " first as the youthful "Deerslaj^er, " afterward the aged' 
"Leather-Stocking, " was loved by dark-eyed "Judith Hut- 
ter, " amd rescued from the panther's claws the fair f orm- 
of ' 'Elizabeth Templeton. " Here the curious traveler may 
explore the depths of "Leather-Stocking's cave," visit the 
scene of the fight with the panther, and the site of ' 'Musk- 
rat Castle. " So true was Cooper to life, so faithful to na- 
ture are his pictures, that every curve and indentation of" 
the shore and every sweep of the hills is familiar to the 
reader of the "Pioneer" and "Deerslayer. " It requires 
no great stretch of fancy to people the scenes with 
wraiths of "old Hutter, " "Hurry Harry," the gentle 
"Hetty," "Wah-ta-wah, " the Indian maiden, "Natty," 
and the rest of the deathless concourse. Otsego is fitly 
called the "Haunted Lake." 



77 KICHFIELD SPRINGS 

FIVE MILE POINT. 

This is one of the most romantic and picturesque places 
of resort to be found on the gravelly shores of Otsego 
Lake. Here is a good public house, kept by J. D. Tunni- 
cliff, a veteran landlord of long experience. The level 
lawn and open grounds of this point extend far out into 
the lake, and are delightfully shaded by gigantic oaks 
and other forest trees, whose dark outlines are distinctly 
reflected in the deep bosom of the transparent waters. A 
fleet of row boats is to be seen moored on the gravelly 
beach, with every convenience for the sports of the 
angler. 

THEEE MILE POINT. 

Two miles south of Five Mile Point, is the Three Mile 
Point House, A. W. Thayer, proprietor. This popular 
stopping place is well known to the public. The house is 
pleasantly located, overlooking the lake and village of 
Cooperstown. Directly in front is the wood covered pro- 
jection known as "Three Mile," or "Wild Kose Point," a 
favorite resort for picnics. Since the early settlement of 
Cooperstown, upon this spot have congregated in merry 
dance, the old and young, from almost every part 
of the country. Rustic buildings were long since con- 
structed beneath giant trees on this point, for the conven- 
ience of the public. 



ILLUSTKATED. 



GEW. CLINTON'S EXPEDITION, 

j^N the spring of 1779, it was determined to send a for- 
midable force into the Indian country of Western 
'tst New York to chastise the savages so thoroughly that 
the settlements upon the Mohawk and the upper 
branches of the Susquehanna, might enjoy a season of re- 
pose. The six nations were very populous, and had 
many villages and vast cornfields in the fertile country 
"westward of Otsego Lake. Already' the Mjhawks had 
been thrust out of the valley of their name. It was there- 
fove determined to make a combined movement upon 
them of two divisions of military, one from Pennsylvania 
and the other from the north. General Sullivan was 
placed in the chief command, and led the division that as- 
cended the Susquehanna, while General Clinton com- 
manded the forces that penetrated the country from the 
mouth of the Canajoharie. It was arranged to unite the 
two divisions at Tioga. June 17th, Clinton's troops, fif- 
teen hundred strong, commenced the transportation of his 
bateaux and provisions across the hilly country to Spring- 
field at the head of Otsego Lake, a distance of more than 
twenty miles. It was an arduous duty, for his boats num- 
bered two hundred and twenty. He reached Springfield 



79 RICHFIELD SPRINGS 

on the 30tli. A day or two after bis arrival General 
Schuyler sent Mm the information that the purpose of 
the expedition was known to the enem3^ This informa- 
tion General Schuyler received from a spy. The spy also 
informed him that the enemy were to be joined by one- 
half of Sir John Johnson's regiment and a portion of the 
garrison at Niagara. Mr. Dean, the Indian interpreter, 
also informed him that a party of Cayugas and tories, 
three hundred in number, were then upon the war path, 
and intended to hang upon the outskirts of Clinton's 
army on its march to Tioga. Clinton and his army passed 
down Otsego Lake, and remained at its southern end 
awaiting the tardy movements of Sullivan, until the last 
week in August. 

He here performed a feat which exhibited much inge- 
nuity. In consequence of a long drouth, the outlet of 
the lake, w^as too inconsiderable to allow his boats to pass 
down the river. He therefore raised a dam across it at 
the foot of the lake, by w^hich the waters would be so ac- 
cumulated, that when it should be removed, the river 
would be filled and bear his boats upon the flood. The 
work was accomplished, and the event so alarmed the sav- 
ages that they fled into the depths of the boundless for- 
ests." Traces of the "Clinton dam" are said to be still 
visible. 



ILLUSTRATED. 80 



COOPERSTOWN, 

i|' OOPERSTOWN, tlie county seat of Otsego county, 
Xq: N. Y., is pleasantly located on tlie southern shore of 
y^'l Otsego Lake, and is one of the most beautiful villages 
of Central New York. It lies in a vallej^ bordered 
on the east and west by wood-covered mountain ranges 
that stretch far away to the north and south. The village 
has a population of about two thousand, and since the 
completion of the railroad to this x>oint, from the Albany 
& Binghamton road, sixteen miles down the Susquehanna 
river, it has become a place of popular resort through 
the summer months, for pleasure seekers and others who 
desire the high mountain air of the country. Coopers- 
town is amply supplied with large and commodious hotels, 
and every facility for the entertainment of guests. It has 
the purest of water, delightful walks and drives, and the 
most romantic and picturesque natural scenery in this por- 
tion of the state. Cooperstown is ^particularly distin- 
guished as having been the home of Cooper, the greatest 
of American novelists. 

JAMES FENIMOEE COOPER.* 
The name of Cooper is familiar to every intelligent read- 



81 RICHFIELD SPEIXGS 

er tliiiougliout this entire country, and among the civilized 
nations of the east. His great genius as a novelist, has 
placed him high in the scale of distinguished American 
writers. Much has been written of his early life, and 
leading traits of character, and especially the scenes of 
his popular works known as the "Leather-Stocking Tales," 
which were laid in and about Cooperstown, his home for 
the greater part of his literary life. 

The writer well remembers him as he appeared on the 
streets of Cooperstown, or on the Sabbath, on his way to 
the Episcopal church, at which he was a devout worship- 
er. He also was frequently seen riding between his man- 
sion and his mountain farm, or "Chalet," two miles to 
the north on the eastern shore of the "Haunted Lake." 

J. Fenimore Cooper in person, was of medium height, 
rather stoutly built, and was somewhat inclined to obesity. 
His short cut, slightly gray hair, was ample and straight, 
over a rotund, ruddy, and cleanly shaven face, with blue 
eyes. In form he was somewhat portly, and walked with 
a dignified military air. He was frequently seen on the 
way to the post-ofiUce, his right hand down by his side 
holding a letter by one corner, between his thumb and 
finger. His dress was neat, but extremely plain. 

In his own home, Mr. Coo^Dcr was extremely urbane 
and courteous, welcoming his gti'ests with genial cordial- 



ILLUSTRATED. 82 

ity. The writer met him on one occasion in his classic 
library, on business. A small veranda covered the front 
door of the stone mansion, which opened into a spacious 
hall which extended entirely through the building. The 
library where he wrote, was on the right, a large wain- 
scoted room with a southwestern exposure. A hu^re fire- 
place occupied the west side, the three other sides of the 
room being devoted to cases filled with books and papers. 
In the center of the library stood a dark colored table, on 
which were manuscripts and a large inkstand with several 
23ens standing erect. An arm chair stood by the table in 
■which Cooper sat during our brief interview. 

Upon leaving, Mr. Cooper accompanied me to the outer 
door, over the casing of which was suspended the antlers 
of an elk. Calling, my attention to them he said: "Those 
were a present to me recently, from a friend in California, 
a naval officer. " This interview took place but a short time 
previous to his last illness, which was somewhat pro- 
tracted. 

The characters presented in Cooi^er's works, were many 
of them taken from real life. Those especially promi- 
nent in the "Pioneer" and "Deerslayer, " lived and moved 
and had a being. ' 'Leather-Stocking" was well known to 
the early settlers of the Fly Creek valley, as Natty Ship- 
man. He was an eccentric old hunter and trapper, who 



83 KICHFIELD SPRINGS 

on several occasions partook of the hospitality of their ta- 
bles. He was frequently seen with his dogs and gun in 
pursuit of wild game that was then abundant, and always 
wore very long-legged leather boots, which doubtless sug- 
gested the name given him by Cooper, "Leather-Stocking" 
and "Natty Bumppo. " Like old Stoner and Foster, in 
"Simm's Trappers of New York," he lived alone in the 
forest, in a self-constructed cabin on the eastern shore of 
Otsego Lake, not far from the rocky cave that bears his 
name. He is said to have had especial affection for his 
bottle which he usually kept concealed in the forest where 
he was wont to pass in his accustomed hunting excursions. 
The exact date of his death is not known, but his grave is 
said to be in the valley of Oaks creek, not far from and to 
the north of Toddsville. 

Immediately after the first snow fall, in the autumn of 
1849, the writer saw Cooper and Judge Nelson, of the Su- 
preme Court of the United States, riding together in 
Cooperstown. A rustic vehicle had been improvised in 
the form of a one horse sled with a crockery crate, across • 
which a board was placed forming a seat on which the 
two distinguished gentlemen sat in earnest conversation, 
driving a tall, chestnut colored, short tailed equine, who 
walked slowly and demurely up Main street, with his in- 
tellectual freight, apparently regardless of the jerking 



ILLUSTRATED. 84 

reins in tlie hands of Cooper, or the menacing attitude of 
a very short whip. Cooper's residence, known as the 
"Hall," was erected by his father, Judge William Cooper, 
in 1796. 

It was a two story stone structure, with battlements and 
round projections on the east end. It stood in a beauti- 
fully secluded grove of several acres, which was entered 
on the north side, by double gates in a stone fence, cov- 
•ed by a shingle roof. After his death, which occurred Sejp- 
tember 15th, 1851, the proi^erty passed into other hands, 
and was burned in 1853. 

Coox:)er's grave is in the old cemetery near the Episco- 
jial church; a horizontal marble slab, bearing his name, 
rests over his remains. Ths Cooper monument is in the 
Lakewood cemetery, on the summit of which is a figure of 
■"Leather-Stocking,' gazing off on the lake. 

If the authorities of Cooperstown had secured posses- 
-sion of the Cooper estate at the proper time, and kept it 
in its original condition, Cooperstown to-day would have 
heen the "Mecca". of the Emx)ire State, and would doubt- 
less have continued to increase in attractiou, with the 
lapse of time. 



85 KICKFIELD SPRINGS 



COOPERSTOWN AND RICHFIELD. 

REVIOUS to 1870, the guiding spirit of tlie days of 
the stage coach from the New York Central Eail- 
j_t road to Richlield, was Amos A. Goodale, whose 
prancing steeds trembled under the long lash that 
cracked over their restless heads as they flew swiftly up the 
mountain road with their freight of invalids and pleasure 
seekers, en route to the Springs. His unswerving fidelity 
to the traveling public as the director of the omnibus 
lines and coaches which run from the several hotels to 
Cooperstown and other points of interest, has made him 
one of the indispensable "institutions" of the place. Mr. 
Goodale is said to resemble, both in facial outline and 
general physique, the great Brooklyn divine; from which 
fortuitous circumstances he long since received the honor- 
ary and highly complimentary sobriquet of "Beecher." 

Every morning through the boarding season a line of 
coaches and other vehicles are drawn up in front of the 
Spring House and New American to receive the large- 
numbers who daily avail themselves of the facilities thus 
provided, and which run regularly between Ciinadarago 
and Otsego lakes. 



ILLUSTRATED. 86 

The coaclies oi tally-hos, are provided with seats not 
only inside but also on the top; and these exalted posi- 
tions are usually taken by the young people, who thus 
present a very beautiful picture, in this, their highly ex- 
hilerating rapid transit. Everything being in readiness, 
the voice of "Beecher" is heard echoing through the halls 
and spacious piazzas "All aboard for Otsego Lake and 
Cooperstown!" 

Arriving at Island Cottage on the northwest shore of 
Otsego Lake, the little steamers, "Natty Bumppo"' and 
"Pioneer," will be found in waiting, under the direction 
of Mr. A. H. Watkins, the genial proprietor and owner of 
the boats, and a most delightful ride awaits the tourist, 
over the tranquil bosom of the "Glimmerglass, " to the 
beautiful village of Cooiserstown, eight miles distant. 



87 EICHFIELD SPRINGS 

RICHFIELD SPRINGS SEMINARY 
M 

SjiEEVIOUS to 1875, the rapid growth and popularity 

"■ of Eichfield Springs, demanded the establishment 

^ here of a high school or institution of advanced 

learning. 
Accordingly, in the autumn of the above year, Pro- 
fessors A. K. Goodier and N. W. Cadwell, of West Win- 
field, were requested by our citizens to oiDen a seminary 
in this village, and suitable propositions were made to en- 
courage the enterprise. 

The beautiful building recently constructed by Mr. 
John Derthick, on the corner of Main and Manley streets, 
/and costing over f^oO.OOO), was purchased by Mr. Good- 
ier and transformed into the Eichfield Springs Seminary. 
The first term was opened in the autumn of 1876, under 
most favorable circumstances. The structure is ad- 
mirably adapted for school purj^oses, both in size and 
general arrangement. The main part of the building is 
sixty by forty feet, and four stories above the base- 
ment. Spacious piazzas extend along two sides, and 
the rooms are high and well ventilated. The hydrant 
w^ater is carried in pipes to all the floors, and the rooms 
are neatlv furnished throughout. 



ILLUSTRATED. 88 

The library is on the first floor, to the right of the main 
hall, and is supplied with Johnson's and Chambers' Ency- 
clopedias, with the advance volumes of the Britannica- 
Also Cooper's, Scott's, and Dickens' works, and the lead- 
ing literary works of the da}^ The library room is large 
and ample, being twenty-three feet square, and free to 
all. 

Since the founding of the Seminary, it has graduated 
thirty-five students ; fifteen ladies and twenty gentlemen. 
Five of the former are teachers in schools of an academic 
grade, and ten of the gentlemen have pursued or are j)ur- 
suing a college course. Of the remainder, one is a law- 
yer, and one is a practicing physician. Dr. C. C. Ransom, 
of this village. 

The ofiicers of the institution are: President, Dr. N. 
Getman; Vice President, James Mason, Among the trus- 
tees are T. R. Proctor, Hon. A. C. Tennant, Hon. J. S. 
Davenport, E. A. Hinds, N. D. Jewell. Present Faculty, 
Prof. A. K. Goodier, Principal; Prof. A. R. Getman, As- 
sociate Principal, a graduate of Hamilton College, class of 
1884. 



B^ mCHFI-ELD SPRINGS 



CORPORATION. 



i 



(p HE villa; e of Riclifield Springs wns incorporated by 
act of the legislature, passed Marcli SOth, 1861. It 
embraces within its corporate limits, about one 
square mile, or six hundred and f ort}^ acres. The 
sanitary conditions of the village have been made as per- 
fect as possible. The new system of sewerage laid last 
season, is the most perfect and thorough that could be de- 
vised, and was highly approved by the State Board of 
Health. Mr. Ernest W. Bowditch, of Boston, consulting- 
engineer, and the acknowledged authority in New Eng- 
land on sanitary engineering, in a letter addressed to the 
Board of Trustees, under date of June 22, 1885, says : 

' 'Gentlemen : The system of gun barrel sewerage and 
ground water tiles just finished at Richfield Springs, 
ought to be sufiicient for the requirements of the village 
for a great many years to come. * * * * * As is al- 
ways the case with gun barrel sewers, there is not a foot 
of the twenty-two thousand comprising the present sys- 
tem, that cannot be thoroughly ins^Dected and cleaned at 
any time w^ithout digging up any portion of the pipe. 
The new water supply from Allen's Lake, now introduced, 



ILLUSTEATED. 90 

with hose connections made, lenders the sanitary condi- 
tions of Richfield Springs, entirely satisfactory." 

The new water supply referred to, is from a lake one 
hundred and eighty feet above the village. This crystal 
lake is simplj^ a huge mountain spring, embracing an area 
of about forty acres, from which flows continuously a 
large stream of water. This additional water supply with 
an already thoroughly equipped fire department, wOl give 
ample protection against the contingency of fire, not sur- 
passed by any summer resort in the country ; and provide 
an abundance of the purest water. 



91 RICHFIELD SPRINGS 

CHURCHES. 

4|lI ICHFIELD is represented by five distinct ecclesias- 

|ji|^ tical organizations, "with their respective cliurch ed- 
ifices; and every convenience is thus afforded to 
summer guests for attending divine service. 
PRESBYTERIAN. 

The first Presbj^terian church in this village was built 
in 1825, and Rev. Charles Wadsworth was the first pas- 
tor. Following are the pastors who succeeded Mr. Wads- 
worth, who remained until 1830, Rev. D. Van Valken- 
berg, 1830 to 1844; Rev. W. C. Boyce, 1844 to 1846; Rev. 
T. B. Jervis, 1846 to 1852; Rev. Henry Bojniton, as a tem- 
porary supply during the winter of 1852-3. 

Rev. Mr. Wadsworth, after an absence of twenty-four 
years, returned in 1854 and remained till 1858. Mr. M. 
P. Hill, a student from Aubiirn Seminary, was ordained 
by Otsego Presbytery in June 1860, and remained with 
the church as its pastor till the spring of 1866. 

Rev. F. H. Seeley, a student from Auburn Seminary, 
was ordained by Otsego Presbytery, in July 1866, and re- 
mained as pastor till the spring of 1882, when Rev. D. M. 
Rankin, D. D. the present pastor, entered upon the minis- 
trations of the church. During the ministerial labors of 



ILLtTSTRATBD. \)± 

Rev. Mr. Seelej^ the present church w.is erected, at a cost 
of $12,000. It is a brick structure, inchidiug a chapel, 
with a seating capacity of live hundred. The bell of this 
church was presented to the society, by the late E. C. 
Collins, of Troy, N. Y. The late Amasa Abbott, of the 
town of Warren, Herkimer county, K Y. , left this church 
by will .f 1,500. The church is pleasantly situated on the 
east side of Church street, on a lot presented to the soci- 
ety by Nathan Dow, Esq. 

UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. 
This church society was organized May 23d, 1833, and 
the same year the church in this village was erected. The 
lot on which it stands was presented to the society by Na- 
than Dow, one of the early settlers of this place. 

SUCCESSION OF MINISTERS. 

Rev. Orrin Roberts preached in this church two sab- 
baths in each month, from April, 1834, to March, 1835, 
inclusive. Rev. L. C. Brown preached one Sunday in each 
month, from April, 1835 to March, 183G, inclusive. Rev. 
T. J. Smith, engaged to preach one-half the time the en- 
suing year, commencing in the mouth of March, 183G. 
From 1837 to 1801, the following clergyman preached in 

this church at intervals; viz. : J. S. Kibby, Belden, 

J. H. Tuttle., D. D. Tomlinson, W. E. Manley. 

In the spring of 18(i2, Rev. S. R. Ward was called as 



93 KICHFIKLD SPBINCiS 

the regular jjastor of tlie church, in which capacity he 
continued to labor until April, 1873, when he was called 
to the Second Universalist church of S^-racuse. 

In the spring of 1873, Rev. T. D. Cook, of Utica, was 
called as the pastor, and remained four years, or until 
1877, when Eev. S, R. Ward was recalled to the pastor- 
ate, and still occupies the position. 

During the first pastoral labors here of Mr. Ward, the 
church edifice was greatly enlarged and beautified, at an 
outlay of $11,000. It is situated on the w^est side of 
Church street, opposite the Presbyterian church. It is a 
substantial stone structure, with two towers and a base- 
ment lecture room. 

EPISCOPAL. 

St. John's parish was organized according to law, Octo- 
ber 1st, 1849. The first service was held at the residence 
of Mr. G. B. Cary, Sunday, September 23d, 1849, Rev. 
S. G. Appleton, of Monticello, officiating. Rev. O. P. 
Thackara became rector of the par ish in 1851. 

In 1355 Mr. Thackara was succeeded by Rev. J. W. Ca- 
pen. In June, 1856, Rev. R. T. Pearson took charge of 
the parish. In October, 1859, Mr. Pearson resigned. In 
1862, Rev. C. L. Sykes took charge of the parish as 
a missionary, and was ordained to the priesthood the fol- 
lo^^•ing year by Bishop Potter. Rev. J. R. Peirce became 



IliLl'SSRATlD. 94 

rector of tlie parish iu 1870, and continued in the rector- 
ship until October 1st, 1872, at which time the Eev. E. 
M. Peck succeeded him. In 1878 the Eev. C. C. Fi>k be- 
came rector of the parish. At this time, for the accom- 
modation of summer visitors, it became necessary to build 
a new and larger church. Accordingly, in 1879, Mr. E. 
A. Ward, of this place, donated the site of the j)resent 
building. (In 1861, Mr. A. H. Ward, father of the above, 
generously presented to the parish the lot on which the 
rectory stands.) And during the rectorship of Mr. Fisk, 
the present church edifice, corner of M.iin and Elm 
streets, was constructed at a cost of about ^10,00.. The 
first service in the new building was held on Easter day, 
1880. September 8th, 1880, Mr. Fisk resigned. 

On April 1st, 1881, the Eev. Eobert Granger, the pres- 
ent incumbent, became rector. On Thursday, after the 
twenty-second Sunday aft^r Trinity, November 9th, 1882, 
the church edifice was consecrated to the worship of Al- 
mighty God, by the Eight Eev. W. C. Doane, Bishop of 
the Diocese. 

Bj' a generous donation of Mr. Lloyd W. Wells, of 
New York, in 1883, the memorial chapel was erected to 
the memoiy of his sister At the present time, the 
number of communicants is one hundred and fifteen. 
Connected with the parish are eighty-seven families, rej)- 



96 ricshmjD speings 

resenting about two hundred and fifty-eight individ- 
uals. During Mr. Granger's five years' rectorship ninety 
seven persons have been baptised, eighty-seven communi- 
cants added to the partsh list, and forty-six presented for 
confirmation. 

The propert}^ of St. John's parish consists of church 
and chapel, with a seating capacity of five hundred and 
one hundred respectively, and the lot on which they 
stand. Also a rectory, with ample grounds. 

ROMAN CATHOLIC (ST. JOSEPH'S). 

This church society was incorporated in 1853, with a 
membership of about twenty-five. It was at this time a 
mission station, or branch of the church at Cooperstown. 
Trustees: Patrick Weldon, James Nellis, William Burke. 

The first services of the church society were held in the 
district school house, and at private residences of the 
members. 

In the year 1870 the present church edifice was com- 
pleted at a cost of $3,500, and dedicated to the worship 
of God by Rev. M. C. Devit, of Cooperstown. Present 
membership over two hundred. 

The church is pleasantly situated on an elevated point, 
on the north side of Canadarago street. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

The first M. E. church of Richfield Springs was incor- 



ILLITSTKATED. 96 

porated May 29tli, 1871. Eev. O. C. Wiglitman, of Mo- 
hawk, was assigned to this charge, as the first regular 
pastor, remaining as such two years. Following is the 
succession of pastors to the present time: Rev. A. G. 
Markham, from 1873 to 187G; Rev. J. V. Ferguson, 1876 
to 1879; Rev. M. G. Wadsworth, 1879 to 1881; Rev. C. 
E. Babcock, 1881 to 1884; Rev. O. C. Cole, 1884 to 1885: 
Rev. J. L. Humphrey, 1885 to the present time. 

This church is a substantial brick structure. It has a 
large audience room, basement lecture room and class 
room. The entire cost of the building, including the 
grounds, was $20,000, Communicants, 100. 

It was through the personal efforts of Presiding Elder 
A. B. Gregg (now deceased), that this society was form- 
ed, and the church erected. 

When Rev. C. E. Babcock commenced his labors iu 
this church in 1881, it had an outstanding indebtedness 
of about !|5,000, and through his persistent efforts, dur- 
ing his three years" pastorate, the entire debt was jjaid. 

The several church organizations of Richfield Spring's, 
have been generously assisted in their material prosperitj^ 
by the liberal don; tions of summer visitors, and are 
now all free from del>t. 



97 KICHFIELD SPRINGS 



DIVERSIONS. ^ 

l|-N the social classitieatiou of liiclitield, during the 
Season, a hirge proportion of the gnests are of the 
'^5 wealthy, refined and intelligent element of the Atlan- 
tic cities, and foreign coiintries, who seem determined 
to derive pleasure from every possible source, during their 
temporary' sojourn here. The indispensable concomitants 
of a popular watering pLa^e are, music and dancing, and 
these are Yerj important items in the catalogue of Eich- 
field occupations, as they doubtless are at all other places 
of summer recreation. Excellent music is always pro- 
vided and each of the principal hotels has its altar to 
''Terpsichore." Every evening the orchestra discourses 
at the parlors of the hotels, and those who will, may waltz 
and float at once into the Elysian maze. The evening 
"Hop," when it attains the proportions and dignity of 
■'Full Dress," in the large and brilliantly lUuiuinated par- 
ors, becomes very attractive to gaze upon, as the enchant- 
ing scene of gay beaux and fair belles in all their gor- 
geous array of trailing robes and gleaming jewels, presents 
a most fascinating picture. The well known, and favorite 
•'German," has held its populaiity here, as elsewhere, for 
several seasons past. 



ILLUSTRATED. ^ 

Out door sports also have a prominent place during tlie 
summer at Richfield. There are several Lawn Tennis 
courts, not only in the park of the Spring House, but at 
manj^ other hotels and boarding houses. 

Also Bowling Club Tournaments, Polo tournaments, 
racing at Driving Park, bicycle and equestrian tourna- 
ments, boating, coaching, and horseback parties to various 
jDlaces, etc. 

In the hotels, on Sabbath evenings, sacred concerts are 
of frequent occurrence. 

Among the intellectual entertainments that have favored 
Richfield recently, is the "American School of Christian 
Philosophy," which was held here in the Presbyterian 
church, three consecutive summers, beginning in August 
1883. Rev. Charles Deems, of the church of the Strang- 
ers, New York City, is President of the association. This 
institution is non-sectarian, and is producing sojne of the 
most profound treatises on the various branches of chris- 
tian philosophy, ever presented to the public. 



99 JUKLOFIELP 6PEIXG* 



THE YILLSGE, 



fICHFIELD Springs, to-day, is one of the most 
flourishing villages of central New York. Aside 
> from its boarding interests, it has a large local trade, 
being in the midst of a rich agricultural district. It 
has two fine drug stores, two first class jewelry stores, and 
all other departments of trade and industry are well rep- 
resented. Among the professions, are six resident physi- 
cians, viz: Dr. N. Getman, Dr. W. B. Grain, Dr. A. D. 
Getman, Dr. Alfred Grain, Dr. F. E. Easton, Dr. C. C. 
Kansom. 

BANK. 
The First National Bank of Eichfield Springs was or- 
ganized under the laws of the United States, receiving its 
charter March 20th, and commenced business AprU 1st 
1882, \Ai\i a capital of f 50,000. On the first day of July 
1884, the capital was increased to $100,000, the stock now 
being far above par. The policy of the institution is lib- 
eral and broad, under the administration of the present 
officers, and is one of the succe-ssful institutions of this 
place. President, N. Getman M. D. ; Cashier, Myron A. 
McKee; Board of directors ; T. E. Proctor, J. S. Daven- 
port, N. Getman. M. A. McKee, H. C. Brockway, J. O, 



ILLUSTRA.TBD. 100 

Wheeler, A. Bloomfield, B. A. Weatlierbee, Martin Goes, 
<jr. Kinne, J. A. Storer, N. D. Jewell. A. Armstrong. In 
1884, this Banking association constructed a fine brick 
block, on the corner of Main and Centre streets, where 
the Banking house is now stationed. 

CIRCULATING LIBRARY. 

This association was organized by the ladies of this vil- 
lage in the spring of 1860, with eleven members, at two 
dollars each. The books purchased were rented at the 
rate of ten cents per volume for one week, and the money 
so obtained applied to the purchase of ■ new books. The 
number of volumes now in the library is about sixteen 
hundred, consisting of standard works, history, essays, 
travels, poems and biography. The new and popular 
works of each season are obtained as soon as issued. The 
library is in the store of Miss M. S -eber, Westcott Block. 
RAILROAD. 

Previous to 1870, Richfield Springs was reached only 
by stage coach, from Herkimer, on the New York Central 
railroad, a distance of fourteen miles. On the first day 
of June of the above year, the Delaware, Lackawanna, & 
Western railroad company completed a branch railroad 
from Cassville, on the Utica and Binghamton road, to 
Richfield Sprincjs, giving direct connection with Utiea, a 
distance of thirty-four miles. The Richfield branch road 



101 BICHriELD SPRINGS 

has proved a profitable investment for the companj', and 
the stock is now worth twelve per cent, premium. First- 
class drawing-room cars now run, during the boarding 
season, from Boston, New York, and Philadelphia to Rich- 
field Springs. The gentleminly agent of the D. L. & W. 
Company here, Mr. C. C. Merrill, is highly esteemed bj^ 
the traveling public, for his uniform courtesy, and un- 
swerving fidelity to the duties of his very responsible 
position. 

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

This society was organized in 1881, and the following 
were the first ofl&cers : President, Norman Baker, Rich- 
field; Vice Presidents, Martin Goes, Warren; Damon 
Clapsaddle, Columbia; George D. Lathrop, Otsego; L. S. 
Henry, Exeter; James Fay, Springfield; M. M. Hatch, 
Columbia; Horace Sliter, Springfield; B. F. Corbin, Rich- 
field; C. E. Hyde, Warren; A. Orendorf, Richfield; J. F. 
Gray, Exeter; D. McDonald, Warren. Directors: H. C. 
Brockway, Richfield; S. P. Barker, T. R. Proctor, Alcott 
McCredy, Richfield Springs; J. E. Dalphin, Warren, 
Treasurer, James Mason, Richfield Springs; Secretary, 
H. H. Getman, Richfield Springs; General Superinten- 
dent, Dr. W. B. Crain, Richfield Springs. 

This society has leased 21 acres of beautiful level ground 
near the lake, which ineludes the Driving Park, for fif- 



ILLUSTRATED. 102 

tesn years, and has erected large and commodious exhib- 
ition buildings for the several departments, costing $'3,- 
500. The enterprise has proved a grand success, and has 
awarded large and satisfactory premiums. There is now 
f 300 in the treasury. 

MASONIC LODGE. 

Richfield Springs Lodge No. 482, Free and Accepted 
Masons, was duly organized on the 12th day of August, 
1859, byW. M., Mordecai Myers, Past Grand Master of 
the Grand Lodge of the State of New York. First Offic- 
ers: Hon. Jr.mes Hyde, "\V. M. :Hcn. Charles DeLong, S. 
W. ; Daniel H. Woodbury, J. W. ; Lot H. Hosford, Sec- 
retary; Gen. W. P. Johnson, Treasurer; David Firman, 
J. D.; Silas Gray, Tiler. Lodge rooms in "Walter Block 
Main street. 

Richfield Springs Chapter, No. 222; this sublime ad- 
junct of Masonry was organized April 29th, 1868. First 
Officers: S. R. Stewart, H. P. ; L. M. Doubleday, S. ; W. 
B. Lidell, K. 

THE TELEGRAPH. 

The Western Union Telegraph Com^iany controls the 
telegraph business of the village. The main office is in 
J. A. Storer's book store, Westcott Block, Main street, a 
very convenient and central locativni. J. A. Storer is the 
local manager here, and ha'; held t is po ution for the past 



103 EICHPrELD SPKINGS 

twenty two years. Patrons of the telegraph are always 
sure of receiving prompt service and coiu'teons attention 
at his hands. During the summer season, branch ofl&ces 
are maintained at the Spring House and the New Ameri- 
can, which offices are supplied vnth direct wires to New 
York, from the switch board in the main office. Messages 
are sent direct to destination from the branch offices wdth- 
out repetition, except at the usual repeating stations, viz : 
New York, Albany, Syracuse, etc. The wire facilities of 
this i3lace are ample for all present business, but will no 
doubt be increased in the near future. There are at pres- 
ent four through Western Union wares in this village, 
usually worked as follows : One special wire to New York 
and Albany, one wire to Albany and Syracuse, one local 
■wire to Utica, and one w'ire used heretofore as a stock 
wire, with an automatic repeater at Herkimer. All four 
of these wires can be made up into New Y^'ork circuits in 
case of need, and the office is fully prepared for any 
emergency. Dxmng the State convention here in 1883, 
100,000 words of press matter w^ere sent in two days, in 
addition to the usual commercial business. The compiny 
at large expense, ran five extra wires here in order to 
handle the extra business in a satisfactory manner. This 
office, as well as all others east of Buffalo and w-est of Al- 
bany, is under the charge of S. B. Giflford, E^q. , division 



ILLUSTEATED. 104 

Sujreriuteutlent of the Western Union Telegraph Co., 
Syracuse, N. Y. Mr. Gifford keeps a watchful eye on all 
offices in his district, and will see that Richfield Springs 
has, at all times, ample facilities for prompt and thorough 
service. The Western Union Telegraph Co. has just re- 
established its money order system at this place, which 
will be of great convenience for strangers and summer 
visitors. Amounts up to f 100 will be paid or transferred 
by telegraph, at a cost of one per cent, in addition to the 
cost of the service. 

THE TELEPHONE. 

The wires of the Central New York Telephone Co. cover 
all the territory in this region. Telephone communica- 
tion can be had with nearly all the hotels here, and nearly 
every village and hamlet within fifty miles of this place is 
successfully reached by telephone. Freeman Brcjs. are 
the local managers here. 

EXPRESS. 

The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Express Co. is 
represented here by Jas. A. Storer, agent, office in the 
Westcott Block, Main street. There are three expresses 
daily, to and from New York, Philadelphia, and all im- 
portant points. 

THE "MERCURY. ' 

The Richfield Springs Mercur}^ was established in 18G7, 



105 RICHFIELD SPEIXGS 

by Henry L. Browii. He sold it to C. Ackerman in 1868, 
who greatly enlarged the paper and improved the office, 
and continued its management until 1883, when W. T. 
Coggeshall purchased the business. In April, 1885, F. E. 
Mungor, the present proprietor, came into possession. 
The "Mercury" was then made an all -home printed paper, 
a more general system of local correspondence instituted, 
and a special reporter engaged during the boarding sea- 
son, to make a specialty of society news. A complete list 
of all the arrivals is published in its columns every week 
and matters of local interest are fully reported. The job- 
bing department is first class, and its work seldom excelled 
by the best city offices. 



ILLI'.^TEATEl). 



lOP) 




Distances and Directions by Rail to RieKield. 



New York City to Richfield Springs, North-West, 250 miles 
Philadelphia to Richfield Springs, North, 300 " 

Boston TO Richfield Springs, West, 300 " 

Albany TO Richfield Springs, West, ioO " 

Utica to Richfield Springs, South, 30 " 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




014 205 256 8 t- 



